GI Viruses

Question 1

rotavirus structure - nucleic acid

Answer 1

dsRNA, linear, SEGMENTED

Question 2

rotavirus structure

Answer 2

naked, icosahedral

Question 3

rotavirus entry

Answer 3

receptor-mediated endocytosis in gut

Question 4

rotavirus toxin

Answer 4

NSP4 toxin: an enterotoxin that increases gut chloride permeability, leading to diarrhea

Question 5

rotavirus epidemiology

Answer 5

most common cause of diarrhea in infants and young children
*almost every child infected by age 5

Question 6

rotavirus transmission

Answer 6

fecal-oral
person-to-person
contaminated surfaces

Question 7

rotavirus clinical course

Answer 7

nausea
vomiting
watery diarrhea
abdominal pain

Question 8

rotavirus testing

Answer 8

PCR of stool
antigen in stool

Question 9

rotavirus vaccine

Answer 9

LIVE, ATTENUATED vaccine recommended for all children

Question 10

norovirus structure - nucleic acid

Answer 10

ss(+) RNA

Question 11

norovirus structure

Answer 11

NAKED, icosahedral

Question 12

norovirus epidemiology

Answer 12

*most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans
*12-48 hour incubation period
*most prevalent in the WINTER

Question 13

norovirus transmission

Answer 13

fecal-oral
person-to-person
contaminated surfaces

Question 14

norovirus clinical course

Answer 14

nausea
vomiting
watery diarrhea
abdominal pain
lethargy
myalgias
weakness
fever

Question 15

norovirus common question

Answer 15

CRUISE SHIP outbreaks of GI illness

Question 16

norovirus testing

Answer 16

PCR of stool

Question 17

hepatitis A family

Answer 17

picornavirus

Question 18

hepatitis A structure - nucleic acid

Answer 18

ss(+) RNA, linear

Question 19

hepatitis A structure

Answer 19

NAKED, icosahedral, small

Question 20

hepatitis A epidemiology

Answer 20

*2-6 week incubation period
*shellfish, travelers, daycare

Question 21

hepatitis A transmission

Answer 21

FECAL-ORAL

Question 22

hepatitis A clinical course

Answer 22

*JAUNDICE (esp eyes)
*fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea
*dark urine
*s/s can last 2-6 months

Question 23

does hep A have a chronic carrier state

Answer 23

NO

Question 24

hep A testing

Answer 24

antibody test

Question 25

hep A vaccine

Answer 25

INACTIVATED hep A vaccine in US for 1 year old children

Question 26

hepatitis E family

Answer 26

hepevirus

Question 27

hepatitis E structure - nucleic acid

Answer 27

ss(+) RNA, linear

Question 28

hepatitis E structure

Answer 28

NAKED, icosahedral, small

Question 29

hep E epidemiology

Answer 29

*3-8 week incubation period
*outbreaks after HEAVY RAIN / MONSOONS
*domestic animal reservoir
*widespread in Asia/Africa

Question 30

hep E transmission

Answer 30

FECAL-ORAL (waterborne)
also, foodborne

Question 31

hep E clinical course

Answer 31

*JAUNDICE
*fever, nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea
*dark urine

Question 32

hep E complication during pregnancy

Answer 32

fulminant liver failure in pregnant women (esp 3rd trimester; 20% mortality rate)

Question 33

hepatitis B family

Answer 33

hepadnavirus

Question 34

hepatitis B structure - nucleic acid

Answer 34

DNA, circular and partly double-stranded

Question 35

hepatitis B structure

Answer 35

enveloped, icosahedral

Question 36

hep B replication

Answer 36

*DANE PARTICLES (infectious virions)
*replicate in hepatocytes
*pararetrovirus - uses reverse transcriptase for replication but is NOT a retrovirus

Question 37

hep B transmission

Answer 37

blood/body fluid exposure
*esp SEXUAL CONTACT

Question 38

hep B clinical course

Answer 38

*JAUNDICE
*fever, nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea
*dark urine

Question 39

can hep B have a chronic carrier state

Answer 39

YES

Question 40

complications of hep B

Answer 40

1. immune complex disorders (glomerulonephritis, vasculitis)
2. cancer

Question 41

hep B testing

Answer 41

antibody tests to various Hep B proteins

Question 42

hep B treatment

Answer 42

nucleoside/nucleotide analog anti-viral drugs (ex. tenofivir)

Question 43

hep B vaccine

Answer 43

recombinant hep B surface antigen (HBsAg) at birth + series

Question 44

hepatitis C family

Answer 44

flavivirus

Question 45

hep C structure - nucleic acid

Answer 45

ss(+) RNA, linear

Question 46

hep C structure

Answer 46

enveloped, icosahedral

Question 47

hep C transmission

Answer 47

blood-borne: IV DRUG USE and NEEDLE STICK injuries

Question 48

hep C clinical course

Answer 48

*fever, nausea, fatigue, abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea
*jaundice actually NOT COMMON

Question 49

can hep C have a chronic carrier state

Answer 49

YES

Question 50

complication of hep C

Answer 50

cirrhosis

Question 51

hep C testing

Answer 51

antibody tests
PCR of blood
liver biopsy

Question 52

hep C treatment

Answer 52

direct-acting drugs (antivirals)

Question 53

hep C vaccine

Answer 53

NONE

Question 54

hep D overview

Answer 54

*can ONLY be in patients with hep B
*makes hep B worse
*can increase chances of cancer

Question 55

hep B testing: susceptible to Hep B, no prior immunity

Answer 55

ALL viral products AND ALL antibodies NEGATIVE

Question 56

hep B testing: immune to Hep B because of vaccination

Answer 56

*all viral products NEGATIVE
*HBsAb: POSITIVE
*other antibodies NEGATIVE

Question 57

hep B testing: immune to Hep B because of natural infection and recovery

Answer 57

*all viral products NEGATIVE
*HbsAb: POSITIVE
*anti-HBcAb: POSITIVE
*other antibodies NEGATIVE

Question 58

hep B testing: acute infections

Answer 58

*ALL viral products POSITIVE
*HBcAb IgM: POSTIVE
**anti-HBcAb: POSITIVE
*other antibodies NEGATIVE

Question 59

hep B testing: chronic infection

Answer 59

*all viral products positive except for HBeAg
*anti-HBcAb: POSITIVE
*HBcAb IgG: POSITIVE
*other antibodies NEGATIVE