Neuro 10

Question 1

What chemical signals do sympathetic pathways use?

Answer 1

norepinephrine or MAYBE acetylcholine

Question 2

What chemical signals does parasympathetic pathways use?

Answer 2

Acetylcholine

Question 3

What do both preganglonic neurons contain for their neurotransmitters ?

Answer 3

Acetylcholine

Question 4

What do both postganglionic cells express? (the ganglia in the middle of the two neurons)

Answer 4

Nicotinic receptors

Question 5

What are the receptors on target tissue for parasympathetic pathways

Answer 5

Muscarinic receptor

Question 6

What are the receptors on target tissue for sympathetic pathways

Answer 6

Adrenergic receptor

Question 7

What does the adrenal medulla secrete

Answer 7

Catecholamines

Question 8

What nervous system is the adrenal medulla associated with?

Answer 8

Sympathetic

Question 9

What is the adrenal medulla often described as?

Answer 9

Modified sympathetic ganglion

Question 10

What cells does the adrenal medulla contain?

Answer 10

Chromaffin cells

Question 11

What are chromaffin cells

Answer 11

Modified postganglionic neurons

Question 12

Where does the adrenal gland attach?

Answer 12

On top of the kidney

Question 13

What is the neurohormone that enters the blood from the adrenal medulla

Answer 13

Epinephrine

Question 14

What are catecholamines?

Answer 14

Hormones that help your body respond to stress

Question 15

What do autonomic variscosities do?

Answer 15

Release neurotransmitter over the surface of target cells

Question 16

What is the neuroeffector junction?

Answer 16

Neuron synapsing on a target tissue in autonomic pathways

Question 17

Where is neurotransmitters released from in autonomic pathways?

Answer 17

Varicosities

Question 18

How do neurotransmitters go into smooth muscle cells from autonomic pathways?

Answer 18

They diffuse → not a hard synapse

Question 19

where can autonomic neurotransmitters be synthesized in?

Answer 19

the axon and the varicosities

Question 20

what can happen to a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 20

it can either diffuse away or be transported back into the cell

Question 21

what neurotransmitter can be taken back into the cell during sympathetic activity?

Answer 21

norepinephrine

Question 22

how does the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine go away?

Answer 22

it either gets diffused or broken down - there is no transporter for it to get back into the varicosities

Question 23

what enzyme breaks down acetylcholine

Answer 23

acetylcholinesterase (idk if this is important I just have it to refresh my memory in case)

Question 24

what does alpha 1 sympathetic adrenergic receptor prefer

Answer 24

Norepinephrine

Question 25

what does alpha 2 sympathetic adrenergic receptor prefer

Answer 25

norepinephrine

Question 26

what does beta 1 sympathetic adrenergic receptor prefer

Answer 26

they prefer epinephrine or norepinephrine equally

Question 27

what does beta 2 sympathetic adrenergic receptor prefer

Answer 27

epinephrine

Question 28

what does beta 3 sympathetic adrenergic receptor prefer

Answer 28

norepinephrine

Question 29

why can sympathetic activity be excitatory or inhibitory ?

Answer 29

it depends on the receptor that is expressed on the tissue

Question 30

what kind of receptors does the parasympathetic system use in target tissues

Answer 30

muscarinic receptors

Question 31

what are G protein coupled receptors called

Answer 31

metabotropic receptors

Question 32

what are the G protein coupled receptors

Answer 32

adrenergic and muscarinic

Question 33

What are the autonomic systems targets?

Answer 33

Smooth and cardiac muscle
Some glands
Some adipose tissue