Neuro 10 Flashcards
What chemical signals do sympathetic pathways use?
norepinephrine or MAYBE acetylcholine
What chemical signals does parasympathetic pathways use?
Acetylcholine
What do both preganglonic neurons contain for their neurotransmitters ?
Acetylcholine
What do both postganglionic cells express? (the ganglia in the middle of the two neurons)
Nicotinic receptors
What are the receptors on target tissue for parasympathetic pathways
Muscarinic receptor
What are the receptors on target tissue for sympathetic pathways
Adrenergic receptor
What does the adrenal medulla secrete
Catecholamines
What nervous system is the adrenal medulla associated with?
Sympathetic
What is the adrenal medulla often described as?
Modified sympathetic ganglion
What cells does the adrenal medulla contain?
Chromaffin cells
What are chromaffin cells
Modified postganglionic neurons
Where does the adrenal gland attach?
On top of the kidney
What is the neurohormone that enters the blood from the adrenal medulla
Epinephrine
What are catecholamines?
Hormones that help your body respond to stress
What do autonomic variscosities do?
Release neurotransmitter over the surface of target cells
What is the neuroeffector junction?
Neuron synapsing on a target tissue in autonomic pathways
Where is neurotransmitters released from in autonomic pathways?
Varicosities
How do neurotransmitters go into smooth muscle cells from autonomic pathways?
They diffuse → not a hard synapse
where can autonomic neurotransmitters be synthesized in?
the axon and the varicosities
what can happen to a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic nervous system
it can either diffuse away or be transported back into the cell
what neurotransmitter can be taken back into the cell during sympathetic activity?
norepinephrine
how does the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine go away?
it either gets diffused or broken down - there is no transporter for it to get back into the varicosities
what enzyme breaks down acetylcholine
acetylcholinesterase (idk if this is important I just have it to refresh my memory in case)
what does alpha 1 sympathetic adrenergic receptor prefer
Norepinephrine
what does alpha 2 sympathetic adrenergic receptor prefer
norepinephrine
what does beta 1 sympathetic adrenergic receptor prefer
they prefer epinephrine or norepinephrine equally
what does beta 2 sympathetic adrenergic receptor prefer
epinephrine
what does beta 3 sympathetic adrenergic receptor prefer
norepinephrine
why can sympathetic activity be excitatory or inhibitory ?
it depends on the receptor that is expressed on the tissue
what kind of receptors does the parasympathetic system use in target tissues
muscarinic receptors
what are G protein coupled receptors called
metabotropic receptors
what are the G protein coupled receptors
adrenergic and muscarinic
What are the autonomic systems targets?
Smooth and cardiac muscle
Some glands
Some adipose tissue
