blood 1 Flashcards
how much of blood is plasma
3 L
what is blood
a connective tissue composed of cellular elements suspended in a fluid matrix
whats the primary difference between plasma and the interstitial fluid
plasma proteins
whats the most abundant type of plasma proteins
albumins
what are albumins good for
they are good carriers for various substances
how much blood does cellular elements take up
2L
whats the most abundant cellular element
erythrocyte
what c causes filtration
hydrostatic pressure
whats our normal blood volume
5L
which sex has more blood ? how much?
males have more with about 80ml/kg
females have about 70ml/kg
what causes the difference in volume of blood between sexes?
its usually a difference in red blood cell numbers
what are the three components of blood
hematocrit
buffy coat
plasma
what is one way clinicians look if you have a disease
look at the hematocrit layer
what is the hematocrit
volume occupied by RBCs
what is the buffy coat layer
WBC and platelets
what is the plasma layer
plasma proteins
electrolytes
lipids
which layer takes up the most space
plasma with 60%
what is hematopoiesis
production of blood cells
where does it happen in adults
pelvis, spine, ribs, cranium, and proximal end of long bones
where does hematopoiesis happen?
in bone marrow
what are the cells produced the most (75%)? why?
WBCs - they have a very short lifespan
what can hematopoiesis stem cells do
specialized stem cells that are capable of regenerating themselves and then transform into basically any cell
how long to RBCs normally last
about 4 months
what is hemopoiesis guided by
cell signalling molecules (cytokines)
what is the cytokine involved in the production of red blood cells
erythropoietin
what is the cytokines involved in making thrombocytes
thrombopoietin
what is the cytokine involved in making WBC
colony stimulating factors
what is RBC production called
erythropoiesis
whats the most abundant cell type in the blood
erythrocytes
what are RBC’s major tasks
carrying O2 from lungs to systemic tissue
carrying CO2 from the tissues to the lungs
assisting in the buffering of acids and bases
what can the shape of RBC tell us
disease
what is hemoglobin
oxygen carrying protein in RBC
what do RBCs mainly consist of
hemoglobin
how many oxygen can 1 heme group carry
1
how many oxygen can 1 hemoglobin carry
4 O2
where is 70% of iron in the body found
heme groups of haemoglobin
what does hemoglobin synthesis require
iron
what do WBC do
defend against infection
what are the two kinds of wbcs
granulocytes
non granule containing lymphocytes and monocytes
what are the 3 granulocytes
neutrophiles
eosinophils
basophils
whats the most abundant leukocyte
neutrophils
what are the non granule containing lymphocytes and monocytes
lymphocytes (T cells and B cells)
monocytes
what immunity are lymphocytes a part of
adaptive immunity
T cells do what immunity
cell mediated immunity
B cells do what immunity
Humoral immunity
what do eosinophils release
major basic protein
