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Bmsc207 > Midterm 2 Neuro 7 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Neuro 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What do the lighter regions of the brain represent?

A

White matter

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2
Q

What do the darker regions of the brain represent?

A

Gray matter

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3
Q

What’s the anatomy of the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What does gray matter consist of?

A

Unmyelinated somas, dendrites and axons

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5
Q

What does white matter consist of?

A

Myelinated axons

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6
Q

What are the 3 parts of the meninges ?

A

Pia mater
Arachnoid membrane
Dura mater

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7
Q

What is the meninges for? What resides in it?

A

The parts of it surround the brain and spinal cord
The cerebral spinal fluid resides in it

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8
Q

What does cerebral spinal fluid do?

A

It makes sure than bones don’t hit the brain /spinal cord

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9
Q

Where does cerebral spinal fluid reside?

A

Meninges

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10
Q

What’s the main role of the spinal cord?

A

Transferring information between the brain and periphery (skin, joints, organs)

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11
Q

How many regions of the spinal cord are there?

A

4

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12
Q

What is a segment of the spinal cord? (Anatomy)

A

Section of spinal cord with 2 spinal nerves attached to it

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13
Q

What are the 4 regions of spinal cord? How many segments in each region?

A

Cervical (8)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacral (5)

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14
Q

What kind of information does the dorsal root carry?

A

Sensory (afferent)

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15
Q

What kind of information does the ventral root carry?

A

Motor (efferent)

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16
Q

What matter consists of sensory and motor nuclei?

A

Gray matter

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17
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

Group of cell bodies outside the CNS

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18
Q

What is nuclei?

A

Clusters of cell bodies in CNS

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19
Q

What does white matter consist of in the brainstem?

A

Tracts of axons carrying information to and from the brain

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20
Q

What does white matter consist of?

A

Tracts of axons carrying information to and from the brain

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21
Q

What do ascending tracts do?

A

Carry sensory information to the brain

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22
Q

What do descending tracts do?

A

Carry commands to motor neurons

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23
Q

Where are ascending tracts located?

A

Dorsal and external lateral

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24
Q

Where are descending tracts located

A

Ventral and interior lateral

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25
Q

What is a spinal reflex?

A

It initiates a response without input from the brain

26
Q

Can the spinal cord act as the integrating center

A

Yes. To initiate a response to a stimulus without receiving input from the brain

27
Q

What is the spinal reflex particularly important for?

A

Body movement

28
Q

What’s considered the ultimate emergent property?

A

The brain

29
Q

What are the components of the brainstem? Which one isn’t shown?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
( reticular formation is not shown)

30
Q

What are the 6 major divisions of the brain

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

31
Q

Where do ascending and descending tracts run through?

A

The brainstem

32
Q

What is the reticular formation a part of?

A

Brainstem

33
Q

What is the reticular formation a part of?

A

Brainstem

34
Q

What is the midbrain also called?

A

Mesencephalon

35
Q

What is the midbrain’s primary role?

A

Controlling eye movement

36
Q

Which part of the brainstem relays auditory and visual reflexes?

A

Midbrain

37
Q

Which part of the brainstem contains the substantia nigra?

A

Midbrain

38
Q

What does the substantial nigra do?

A

Unconscious muscle contractions

39
Q

What do the pons contain?

A

Nuclei and tracts

40
Q

What do the pons do? (2)

A

Relays information between the cerebellum and cerebrum

Assists the medulla in the coordination of breathing

41
Q

Which matter contains the ascending and descending tracts?

A

White matter

42
Q

Where does crossover occur?

A

In the pyramids within the medulla

43
Q

What involuntary functions do the nuclei in the medulla control?

A

Cardiovascular center and the medullary respiratory center

44
Q

Which area of the brainstem contain the vomiting enter, deglutition center, and coughing, sneezing, and hicupping?

A

Medulla

45
Q

What is the reticular formation?

A

Nuclei that are dispersed throughout the brainstem that have similar functions.

46
Q

What is the reticular formation important for?

A

Consciousness, arousal, attention and alertness

47
Q

What is the cerebellum in-terms of size?

A

The second largest brain structure

48
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Processes sensory information related to movement and coordinates the execution of movement

49
Q

What’s the main area that regulates posture and balance?

A

Cerebellum

50
Q

Where are approximately half of the neurons in the brain believed to be

A

Cerebellum

51
Q

What would damage to the cerebellum cause?

A

Shakiness

52
Q

What are the two primary structures of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

53
Q

What are the two endocrine structures of the diencephalon?

A

Pineal gland and pituitary

54
Q

Where does almost all sensory information go through before going to its cortical area?

A

The thalamus

55
Q

What is the relay centre?

A

Thalamus

56
Q

What does the pineal gland do

A

Releases melatonin involved in sleep/wake

57
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

The center for homeostasis

58
Q

Which part of the diencephalon contributes to glucose concentration, body temperature, and food intake?

A

Hypothalamus

59
Q

Is the hypothalamus or the thalamus bigger?

A

The thalamus is bigger

60
Q

Where does the diencephalon lie?

A

Between the brain stem and cerebrum

Bmsc207 (15 decks)

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