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Bmsc207 > Homeostasis + Cell Membrane 1 > Flashcards

Homeostasis + Cell Membrane 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is physiology?

A

The study of the normal functioning of living organisms

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2
Q

What are tissues?

A

Collection of cells carrying out related functions

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3
Q

What is emergent properties

A

Smaller parts that don’t exhibit “bigger” properties. Ex. Car parts that become an engine

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4
Q

What is a functionist view?

A

“Why” ex. Why do red blood cells transport oxygen

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5
Q

What is a mechanism view?

A

“How” ex how do red blood cells transport oxygen

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6
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment

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7
Q

What is a pathophysiological state?

A

A disease state

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8
Q

What are external changes for homeostasis?

A

Toxic chemicals
Physical trauma
Foreign invaders (bacteria or viruses)

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9
Q

What is an internal change in homeostasis?

A

Abnormal cell growth
Autoimmune disorders
Genetic disorders

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10
Q

What does a change in homeostasis lead to?

A

First, organism attempts to compensate. If that fails, it leads to illness or disease

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11
Q

Are most cells tolerant to changes in their surroundings?

A

Nope

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12
Q

What are the 2 types of extracellular fluids?

A

Interstitial
Plasma

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13
Q

What is a dynamic steady state?

A

Materials constantly moving back and fourth

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14
Q

Define extracellular fluid

A

Extracellular fluid surrounds the cell and acts as a buffer between cells and the external environment

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15
Q

What is interstitial fluid?

A

The fluid surrounding cells

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16
Q

What is plasma?

A

Liquid component of blood

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17
Q

What is the law of mass balance

A

Amount of substance in the body is to remain constant

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18
Q

When does something actually become internal in your body?

A

When it enters your extracellular fluid

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19
Q

What are some inputs in the body? (Homeostasis)

A

Intestine, lungs, skin

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20
Q

What are some outputs in the body? (Homeostasis)

A

Excretion by kidney, liver, lungs, skin

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21
Q

Does homeostasis mean equilibrium? (Is every thing equal between the extracellular and intercellular fluid?)

A

No, goal is dynamic steady state (stable disequilibrium)

22
Q

What are the 2 control systems?

A

Local or reflex

23
Q

What is local control?

A

Small changes that are restricted to a small area of the body

24
Q

Which cells send local signals?

A

Endothelial

25
Q

Is reflex control long signalling or short signalling?

A

Long distance signalling

26
Q

Which control system for changes widespread throughout the body?

A

Reflex control

27
Q

Which control system controls blood pressure?

A

Reflex

28
Q

What are the two parts of reflex control?

A

Response loop
Feedback loop

29
Q

What is the response loop?

A

First part of reflex control
Stimulus, sensor…, response

30
Q

What is the feedback loop?

A

Second part of reflex control
It is when the response impacts or influences the stimulus

31
Q

What are the 3 types of reflex control?

A

Negative feedback
Positive feedback
Feedforward control

32
Q

What does a negative feedback loop do? (2)

A

The response counteracts the stimulus, shutting off the response loop

Stabilizes the system

33
Q

Is a negative feedback loop homeostatic?

A

Yes. Goal is to get back to normal

34
Q

Are positive feedback loops homeostatic?

A

Nope

35
Q

Which feedback loop requires an intervention to stop it from continuing?

A

Positive

36
Q

What does a positive feedback loop do?

A

Reinforces the stimulus to drive the system away from a normal value rather then removing it

37
Q

What is an example of a positive feedback loop?

A

Birth ( baby coming out is the intervention)

38
Q

What is feedforward control?

A

Body predicts that a change is about to occur.it is
Initiated before the initial stimulus
EX. Mouth salivating

39
Q

What are biorhythms?

A

Variables that change predictably and create repeating patterns or cycles of changes

40
Q

What is the average composition of the cell membrane? (3 parts)

A

55% protein
45% lipids
Small amount of carbohydrates

41
Q

The more metabolically active the membrane is the more ___________ it contains

A

Protein

42
Q

What are the 3 types of lipids found in the cell membrane?

A

Phospholipid
Sphingolipid
Cholesterol

43
Q

What does it mean to be amphipathic?

A

One region that really likes water and one region that doesn’t

44
Q

Polar heads of the bilayer are _________ (hydrophobic or hydrophilic )

A

Hydrophilic (it faces the liquid)

45
Q

Fatty acid tails of the bilayer are __________ ( hydrophobic or hydrophilic)

A

Hydrophobic (they face each other)

46
Q

Why is cholesterol needed in the cell membrane?

A

They make it more rigid because phospholipids are so fluid

47
Q

Which lipids are lipid rafts?

A

Sphingolipids

48
Q

What is the cell membrane also called?

A

Fluid mosaic model

49
Q

What are the 2 types of cell membrane proteins

A

Integral
Peripheral

50
Q

What are lipid rafts important for?

A

Cell signalling

51
Q

What are the two integral proteins?

A

Transmembrane proteins
Lipid anchored proteins

Bmsc207 (15 decks)

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