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Bmsc207 > CV2 > Flashcards

CV2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two determinants of flow

A

pressure gradient
resistance

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2
Q

why does resistance oppose flow

A

friction

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3
Q

______ is inversely proportional to resistance

A

flow (higher resistance, less flow)

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4
Q

___________ is directly proportional to flow

A

pressure gradient (higher flow, higher pressure gradient)

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5
Q

what is flow?

A

flow is the volume of fluid over a certain time. it is not how fast the liquid is flowing

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6
Q

larger radius = less _________

A

resistance

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7
Q

whats the primary determinant of resistance within the cardiovascular system

A

changes in radius (because of r^4)

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8
Q

resistance is proportional to what (that equation)

A

resistance is directly proportional to 1/radius^4

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9
Q

flow is proportional to what (that equation)

A

flow is directly proportional to 1/resistance

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10
Q

what is the resistance equation

A

R= 8nl/Pi(r^4)

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11
Q

a shorter length tube will have _____ resistance and _______ flow

A

less, more

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12
Q

what would happen to velocity is a vessel with a small constricted area

A

it would speed up velocity

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13
Q

at the same flow, would velocity be faster through a constricted vessel or a thicker vessel

A

it would be faster in a constricted vessel

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14
Q

what is considered the workhouse of the body

A

the heart

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15
Q

in one minute, the heart performs the equivalent work of lifting a ________ pound weight

A

5

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16
Q

where does the heart lay

A

the centre of the thorax

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17
Q

what is the top of the heart called

A

the base

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18
Q

what is the bottom of the heart called

A

the apex

19
Q

what is the pericardium

A

a double walled sac filled with a thin layer of clear pericardial fluid

20
Q

what does pericardial fluid do?

A

lubricates the hearts external surface as it beats within the sac

21
Q

what is the heart mostly composed of

A

myocardium (cardiac muscle)

22
Q

what do atrioventricular valves do

A

allow flow from the atria into the ventricles

23
Q

what is one way flow through the heart ensured by

A

2 sets of valves
1. in heart
2. In veins

24
Q

what side of the heart is the tricuspid valve on

A

right side

25
Q

what side of the heart is the bicuspid (mitral) valve on

A

left side

26
Q

why is it called the bicuspid valve

A

there are 2 flaps

27
Q

what is the chordae tendinae

A

the tendon that attaches the AV valves to the papillary muscles on the walls of the ventricles

28
Q

do the chordae tendinaes open to valve

A

no

29
Q

what do papillary muscles do

A

they are structural muscles to supply stability to the valve

30
Q

what are semilunar valves

A

one way valves that exist between the ventricle and outflow artery

31
Q

how are semilunar valves composed

A

3 cup like leaflets

32
Q

do semilunar valves require connective tendons

A

no because their shape prevents prolapse

33
Q

what is the atrioventricular ring

A

it is the attachment point to muscle for the valves

34
Q

what does the atrioventricular ring do

A

electrically isolates the atria from the ventricles

35
Q

what is the cardia conduction system

A

a network of autorythmic cells in the heart

36
Q

where does cardiac action potential originate

A

in a group of cells in the SA node

37
Q

what else has slower pacemaker activity

A

AV node and Pukinje fibres

38
Q

what passes through the atrioventricular ring

A

bundle of His

39
Q

av bundle is also what

A

bundle of his

40
Q

whats the order of the conduction system in the heart

A

SA node
internodal pathways
AV node
Av bundle = bundle of his
bundle branches
purkinje fibres

41
Q

what would take over if SA node stopped working

A

AV node

42
Q

the more HCN channels, the what

A

the faster the depolarization

43
Q

what sets the heart rate

A

the autorythmic cells with the most rapid pacemaker activity

Bmsc207 (27 decks)

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