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Bmsc207 > muscle 1 > Flashcards

muscle 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what does the generation of force depend on for all muscle types

A

conversion of chemical energy (ATP)

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2
Q

what is the pattern of skeletal muscles ?

A

striated, banded pattern

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3
Q

are skeletal muscles uninucleated or multinucleated

A

multinucleated

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4
Q

how does skeletal muscle work?

A

it is primarily voluntary by somatic motor neurons

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5
Q

what is a somatic neuron?

A

conscious activity within the body

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6
Q

how does cardiac muscle work?

A

it is primarily involuntary and spontaneous electrical activity

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7
Q

how does cardiac muscle look?

A

striated and banded

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8
Q

is cardiac muscle uninucleated or multinucleated

A

uninucleated

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9
Q

what can cardiac muscle be altered by?

A

autonomic nervous system hormone s

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10
Q

what is smooth muscle ?

A

primarily involuntary (autonomic control)
provides control off the internal organs

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11
Q

what does smooth muscle look like?

A

non striated

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12
Q

is smooth muscle uninucleated or multinucleated

A

uninucleated

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13
Q

what’s the largest muscle group

A

skeletal muscle

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14
Q

what is skeletal muscle attached to bones by

A

tendons

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15
Q

where is the origin of a muscle

A

closest to the trunk

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16
Q

what are antagonistic muscle group

A

flexor extensor pairs (bicep/triceps)

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17
Q

what does a flexor do

A

brings bones together

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18
Q

how much % does skeletal muscle take up in body weight

A

40

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19
Q

what is the cell membrane in muscle

A

sarcolemma

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20
Q

what’s the functional unit of a skeletal muscle

A

sarcomere

21
Q

what’s a thick filament

A

myosin

22
Q

whats a thin filament

A

actin

23
Q

whats the order of skeletal muscle

A
  1. skeletal muscle
  2. muscle facsicles
  3. muscle fibre
  4. myofibril
  5. sarcomere (made up of myofilaments)
24
Q

which part of skeletal muscle is there 100s or 1000s of

A

myofibrils

25
Q

what binding site is on actin?

A

thick filaments (myosin)

26
Q

what’s the backbone of a thin filament and what is its structure?

A

actin - it is a double stranded helix

27
Q

what is tropomyosins structure

A

two identical alpha helices that coil around each other and sit in the grooves of actin

28
Q

what does tropomyosin do

A

regulates the binding of myosin to actin

29
Q

what’s the side structures on actin

A

tropomyosin and troponin complex

30
Q

what’s the structure of the troponin complex

A

3 part protein
T - binds to a single molecule of tropomyosin
C - Ca2+ binding site
I - bound to actin and inhibiting contraction

31
Q

how many actin molecules in between each troponin complex

A

7 actin molecules

32
Q

what is the structure of one myosin molecule

A

two intertwined heavy chains
each heavy chain consists of 2 light chains

33
Q

what is the structure of 1 heavy chain head

A

there is a binding region for actin as well as a site for ATPase

34
Q

what are the two light chains on a myosin heavy chain

A

regulatory light chain
essential light chain

35
Q

what does the regulatory light chain do

A

regulates ATPase activity

36
Q

what does the essential light chain do?

A

stabilizes the myosin head (structural protein)

37
Q

what are the additional proteins in a sarcomere (accessory structures within the sarcomere)

A

Nebulin and Titin

38
Q

what is nebulin

A

a large protein that interacts with thin filaments

39
Q

what does titin do

A

involved in stabilization of of thick filaments and the elastic recoil behaviour of muscles (they help to return muscle fibres back to initial position)

40
Q

what are transverse tubules

A

they are an inward extensions of the sarcolemma

41
Q

what is terminal cisternae

A

the thick swollen ends of the blue sarcoplasmic reticulum
most calcium is stored in these regions

42
Q

what’s special about glucose and muscle

A

it can only be used in skeletal muscle

43
Q

what is calcium for

A

we need calcium for muscle contractions

44
Q

what is the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells compared to

A

the endoplasmic reticulum

45
Q

what does the sarcoplasmic reticulum do?

A

stores calcium

46
Q

what does a transverse tubule allow?

A

they allow an action potential that’s generated in a muscle fibre to be propagated across the sarcolmma and then into the interior of a muscle fibre

47
Q

where are the sarcoplasmic reticulum, transverse tubules and terminal cistern located

A

inside a muscle fibre

48
Q

where is glucose stored?

A

within the sarcoplasm

Bmsc207 (27 decks)

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