Nervous System (IV) Flashcards
Make up of CNS
Spinal cord and Brain
Make up of PNS
Spinal and cranial nerves
Between each 2 vertebrae there is
1 nerve
Nerve hairs at the end of the spinal cord
Cauda equina
PNS breaks up into
Autonomic and Somatic
Somatic is _____
Voluntary
Autonomic breaks down into
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
Fight or flight
Parasympathetic
Rest and digest (Basal)
Neocortex deals with
Memory and consciousness
Olfactory bulb is on the
Forebrain
Mesencephalon or midbrain controls
Hindbrain sensors
Cerebellum (hindbrain)
Movement and coordination; regulates motor activities
Medulla oblongata (hindbrain) and Pons
Control breathing; Linked to emotional and behavioral responses
Spinal cord starts at
Foramen magnum
What are the 3 sensory cranial nerves?
Olfactory, optic and vestibulocochlear nerves
What are the 5 motor cranial nerves?
Oculomotor, trochlear, abducent, spinal accessory and hypoglossal nerves
What are the 4 mixed cranial nerves?
Trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
What is the importance of the vagus nerve?
Parasympathetic nerve only on left side. If touched, heart slows or even stops beating. Inflammation of this nerve is not good.
Colic typically comes with an increased
Heart rate. If a horse has colic and has a low heart rate, his vagal nerve may be being impacted by colic
Sensory nerves are _____
Afferent (travel uphill)
Motor nerves are _____
Efferent (travel downhill)
Sensory and motor nerves always
Work together
Brain and spinal cord are encased by _____ and cushioned by _____
Meninges; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
CSF provides
Nutrients to CNS
What are the 3 meninges layers?
Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia mater
Which meninges layer is closest to the spinal cord?
Pia mater
Examples of fight/flight response of the _____
Increased HR, BP, dry mouth, sweat, dilated pupils and bronchioles, slows gut movements
Sympathetic
Bundle of nerves right at the shoulder of the horse - sensitive area
Brachial plexus
