Blood Vessels (IB)

Question 1

The coronary venous plexus functions to…

Answer 1

Give nutrition to coronet

Question 2

What’s important about the solear venous plexus?

Answer 2

When horses pick up their feet, there is no pressure on foot at that time. Arteries pulsate (veins do not). So, to bring blood to the leg, they need help. Veins fill with blood when they pick up their feet. Blood is squeezed and expanded and shoots blood upward

Question 3

When horses are shoed, what happens?

Answer 3

Hoof picked up to trim so the foot is contracted. When the hoof is placed back down on the ground, it is a little tight due to lack of proper blood flow.

Question 4

What are the external (insensitive) structures of the foot?

Answer 4

Hoof wall
Sole
Frog
White line

Question 5

The hoof wall originates from the _____ and grows approximately _____ per month, taking 9-12mo months to grow from coronet to _____ and 6 months from coronet to _____.

Answer 5

Coronary band; 6mm; toe’ heel

Question 6

As the hoof wall grows, the horn of the wall becomes _____.

Answer 6

Harder

Question 7

The horn of the wall is generally harder and thicker at the _____, more pliable at the _____.

Answer 7

Toe; heel

Question 8

The hoof wall is _____% water

Answer 8

25%

Question 9

The perioplic ring secretes a varnish-like horn called _____.

Answer 9

Periople

Question 10

Periople covers the wall and helps to prevent…

Answer 10

Excessive evaporation of moisture from within

Question 11

Periople protects

Answer 11

New wall growth

Question 12

A plate of hard horn, approximately 2 cm. Secreted by papillae from within the sensitive sole. Flakes away in a natural shedding process

Answer 12

Sole

Question 13

The sole is _____% water

Answer 13

30%

Question 14

Wedge-shaped mass of elastic horn. Made up of the same horn as the wall but contains more glutinous inter-tubular horn and approximately 40% water.

Answer 14

Frog

Question 15

The most elastic and pliable structure of external foot

Answer 15

Frog

Question 16

On the ground surface of the sole, the union between the sole and the wall. Secreted by papillae on the lower edge of the sensitive laminae

Answer 16

White line

Question 17

What are the internal (sensitive) structures of the foot?

Answer 17

Sensitive frog
Sensitive sole
Digital cushion
Laminae

Question 18

Closely associated with the digital cushion, upon which it is molded.

Answer 18

Sensitive frog

It is covered with papillae that secrete horny frog.

Question 19

Composed of a dense network of blood vessels and papillae. Firmly attached to the palmar surface of the coffin bone

Answer 19

Sensitive sole

It secretes the horny sole and supplies nutrition for it.

Question 20

Wedge-shaped fibro-elastic pad that fills the hollow behind the heels

Answer 20

Digital cushion

Question 21

The digital cushion is _____ but yielding consistency.

Answer 21

Firm

Question 22

The digital cushion lies beneath the _____ and _____, filling the space between the heels of the hoof

Answer 22

Sensitive frog and horny frog

Question 23

The digital cushion forms _____

Answer 23

The bulbs of the heels

Question 24

The digital cushion adheres to the _____ and diminishes _____.

Answer 24

Adheres to deep digital flexor tendon

Diminishes concussion

Question 25

_____ pressure compresses the digital cushion. This causes expansion of the _____

Answer 25

Frog pressure

Collateral cartilages

Question 26

The digital cushion aids the circulation of _____ within the foot and helps reduce _____

Answer 26

Blood; concussion

Question 27

The blood in the hoof contributes to the _____ effect by spreading….

Answer 27

Shock-absorbing effect by spreading pressure in a hydraulic manner

Question 28

What is the purpose of laminae?

Answer 28

To increase surface area of the foot to allow the horse to stand all day long

Question 29

The hoof is attached to the coffin bone by means of hundreds of?

Answer 29

Leaf-like structures known as laminae

Question 30

Sensitive laminae are fleshy leaves attached to the _____ of the coffin bone.

Answer 30

Periosteum

Question 31

Flat plates of horn that grow on the interior surface of the hoof wall and interlock with sensitive laminae

Answer 31

Horny or secondary laminae

Question 32

The laminae helps distribute _____ of the horse more evenly, to ease the stress on the _____

Answer 32

Weight; coffin bone

Question 33

What are the 5 different germinative areas that produce horn?

Answer 33

1. Perioplic ring
2. Coronary corium
3. Sensitive laminae
4. Sensitive sole
5. Sensitive frog

Question 34

The _____ produces the periople

Answer 34

Perioplic ring

Question 35

The _____ produces the stratum medium and stratum internum

Answer 35

Coronary corium

Question 36

Stratum medium

Answer 36

Hoof wall

Question 37

Stratum internum

Answer 37

Horny laminae

Question 38

The distal ends of the sensitive laminae produce the _____

Answer 38

White line

Question 39

The _____ secretes the horny sole

Answer 39

Sensitive sole

Question 40

The _____ secretes the horny frog

Answer 40

Sensitive frog

Question 41

As the foot touches the ground, the weight is transmitted via the _____ to the bearing surfaces of the _____ and _____.

Answer 41

Bones to surfaces of hoof and frog

Question 42

The _____ touches the ground first.

Answer 42

Heel

Question 43

_____ structures are strategically located at the rear of the foot

Answer 43

Anti-concussion

Question 44

Pressure on the frog exerts pressure on the _____, which forces the lateral cartilages apart, against the _____

Answer 44

Pressure on the digital cushion; horny wall

Question 45

When cartilages are forced apart, this flattens and empties the _____, causing the _____

Answer 45

Blood vessels; heels to expand

Question 46

When the foot is lifted off the ground, relieving the pressure, the _____ relaxes and the _____ will refill.

Answer 46

Digital cushion relaxes, blood vessels refill