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Equine Anatomy > Charlottes Full Muscle Name & Function > Flashcards

Charlottes Full Muscle Name & Function Flashcards

1
Q

External intercostals

A

Run caudal ventral between the ribs. Aid inspiration. Meaning ribs are brought forward and outward making a vacuum for air to fill..

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2
Q

Rectus capitis ventralis

A

O: ventral arch of atlas

Ins; base of the skull

Function: flexes Atlanto - occipital joint. Or unilateral contraction inclines the head that side.

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3
Q

Rectus capitis dorsalis mit minor

A

O: dorsal tubercle of atlas Ins: terminates beneath the rectus capitis dorsalis mit major immediately lateral to the attachment of the funicular part of the nuchal ligament. Function: extension of th head.

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4
Q

Rectus dorsalis mit major

A

O: dorsal edge of spinous process c2 (axis) Ins: terminates on the nuchal crest (poll) Function: extend the head

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5
Q

Multifidus cervicus

A

O: articular processes of last 4-5 cervical vertebra and first thoracic. A ‘two’ joint coverage with 3 bundles. Ins: terminates on the spinous and articular processes of the cranial vertebra Function: stabilisers of the spine. They extend the neck, with unilateral contraction they pull the spinous processes causally and to that contracted side, resulting in twisting of the neck. (Right contraction, twisting will be clockwise as seen by the rider)

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6
Q

Temporalis

A

Closes the jaw for mastication (elevates he mandible) attaches to the temporal fossa and medial surface of the zygomatic arch and insets Into the coronoid process of the mandible.

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7
Q

Serratus ventralis cervicus

A

Attaches to the cervical vertebra of 4-7 and inserts on scapula cartilage. It pulls the upper portion of scapula forward and up which the shoulder joint down - this happens during the stance phase of the gait. If the leg is weight bearing, however, a contraction of this muscle will extend the neck (bilateral) or side bend) with unilateral.

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8
Q

Serratus ventralis

A

O: last 3-4 cervical vertebra First 8-9 ribs Ins; scapula cartilage Function: backward and forward movement of the scapular and thus limb

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9
Q

Trapezius

A

Apopneurosis along the dorsal midline. Supraspinatus ligament of the cervical vertebra Ins: scapula cartilage Function: elevation of the shoulder

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10
Q

Rhomboideus

A

Nuchal and supraspinatus ligament. Ins: medial scapular cartilage Function: elevation of the scapular

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11
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

O: supraspinatus ligament and thoracolumbar fascia Ins; teres (medial) tuberosity of the humerus Function; retracts limb after extension

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12
Q

Brachiocephalicus

A

O: temporal bone, wing of atlas, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th cervical cerebral. Ins; deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Function; Moves limb forward when the head and neck is fixed. Bilateral flexion, unilateral side flexion.

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13
Q

Brachialis

A

O: caudoproximal surface of the humerus. Ins: cranial medial portion of the radius Function: flexion of the elbow.

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14
Q

Biceps brachii

A

O: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. Ins: radial tuberosity. Function; extension of the shoulder and elbow

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15
Q

Triceps brachii

A

O: posterior border of the scapular, deltoid tuberosity, shall of humerus. Ins: lateral olecranon, medial olecranon.

Function: extension of the elbow.

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16
Q

Superficial digital flexor

A

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus. Posterior surface of the radius Ins; 2nd phalanx

Function: flexion of the carpus - extension of the elbow.

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17
Q

Deep digital flexion tendor

A

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus Proxima radius, proximal ulna. Ins; 3rd phalanx Function: flexion of the carpus Extension of the elbow Flexion of the digits

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18
Q

Flexor Carpi radialis

A

O: medial condyle of humerus Ins: proximal end of 2nd phalanx Function: flexion of carpus

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19
Q

Flexi Carpi ulnaris

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus Medial olecranon Ins: accessory carpal bone Function: flexion of the carpus

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20
Q

Common digital extensor

A

Lateral epicondyle of humerus Shaft of ulna Ins: merges with the suspensory ligament branches and inserts into p3 Function; extension of the carpus and digit

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21
Q

Lateral digital extensor

A

O: lateral tuberosity of the radius Shaft is ulna Ins: combines with common digital extensor and inserts into p3 Function: extension of the carpus and extension of the digits.

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22
Q

Extensor Carpi radialis

A

O: lateral condyle of humerus Ins: metacarpal tuberosity Function: extension of carpus flexion of elbow

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23
Q

Infraspinatus

A

O: Infraspinatus fossa Scapular cartilage and spine Ins: greater tubercle of humerus Function: extends and flexes shoulder

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24
Q

Supraspinatus

A

O: supraspinatus fossa scapula cartilage and spine Ins: greater and lesser tubercles of humerus Function: extends shoulder and stabilises joint

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25
Q

Biceps femoris

A

O: spinous processes of sacra vertebra 3-5 Sacrosiatic ligament Ischia tuber Ins: patella, cranial border of the tibia, tuberosity of the calcareous Function; extension of the hip

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26
Q

Semitendinosus

A

O: last 2 sacral and first two caudal vertebra Sacrosiatic ligament Ischial Tuber Ins: cranial border of tibia Tuberosity of calcaneus Function: extension of hip and hock

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27
Q

Semi membranosus

A

O: 1st caudal vertebra Sacrosiatic ligament Ventromedial aspect of the ischial tuber Ins: medial condyle of the femur Medial condyle of the tibia Function: extension

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28
Q

Medial gluteal

A

O: longissimus dorsi, ilium, sacrum and sacrosiatic ligament Ins: greater trochanter of the femur Function: extension of the hip and inward rotation of the hip

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29
Q

Psoas

A

O: lumbar transverse processes Ins: lesser trochanter of the femur (medial) Function: flexion of the hip

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30
Q

Iliacus

A

O: ventral wing of the ilium Ins: lesser trochanter of the femur Function: flexion of the hip

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31
Q

Sartorius

A

Iliac fascia Ins: medial shaft of the stifle Function: flexion of hip and extension of stifle

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32
Q

Tensor fascia latae

A

O: coxal tuber Ins: lateral femoral fascia Patella ligament Function: flexion of the hip / extension of the stifle

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33
Q

Rectus femoris (quad)

A

O; body of ilium

Ins: patella tuberosity of Ilium

Function: flexion of hip / extension of stifle

34
Q

Vastus lateralis (quad)

A

O: lateral surface of femur Ins: patella tuberosity of femur Function: extension of stifle

35
Q

Vastus intermedius (quad)

A

Medial surface of femur Ins: patella and tuberosity of tibia Function: extension of stifle

36
Q

Vastus medialis (quad)

A

Medial surface of femur Ins: patella and tuberosity of femur Function; flexion of hip and extension of stifle

37
Q

Superficial digital flexor

A

O: supra condyle fossa of femur Ins: distal end of proximal phalanx Proximal end of distal phalanx Function; flexion of stifle Extension of hock Flexion of digits

38
Q

Deep digital flexor

A

O: caudal surface of tibia Lateral tibial condyle

Ins: planter surface of distal phalanx Function: extension of hock and Flexion of digits

39
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

O: distal tuberosity of femur Ins: tuberosity of calcaneus Function: extension of the hock

40
Q

Tibial is cranialis

A

Lateral condyle of femur Ins: tarsal bones 1-3 3rd metacarpal Function: flexion of hock

41
Q

Long digital extensor

A

O: lateral condyle of femur Ins; extensor processes of middle and distal phalanx Function: flexion of hock / extension of digit

42
Q

Lateral digital extensor

A

O: lateral collateral ligament of stifle Ins; tendon of Long digital extensor Function: flexion of hock / extensor of digit

43
Q

Semispinalis capitis

A

O: transverse process of the thoracic vertebra 1-7 Articular processes of c3-7

Ins: crest of occipital bone Function: elevation of neck lateral movement of head and neck

44
Q

Splenuis

A

O: nuchal ligament Thoracolumbar fascia Spinous process of c3-5 Ins; crest of occipital bone Mastoid process of temporal bone Transverse processes of c3-5 Function: extension of neck, elevation of head and lateral flexion of head and neck

45
Q

Sternocephalicus

A

Sternum Ins: ramus of mandible Function: opens mouth, stabilises jaw, moves head up and down Layers flexion of the neck

46
Q

External abdominal oblique

A

O: ribs 4-18 Thoracolumbar fascia Coxal tuber Ins: prepubic tendon Function: supports abdomen, AIDS defecation and parturition. Aids, expiration.

47
Q

Intercostals

A

External : o: caudal border of the ribs

ins: cranial border and lateral surface of the ribs.

Internal: o: cranial borders of ribs and cartilage. Ins: terminate on caudal border of ribs and cartilage Function : aid inspiration and support rib cage. External does inhale and internal exhale.

48
Q

Trapezius

A
49
Q

Trapezius or/in

A

Inserts in spine of scapula and nuchal/ supraspinatus ligament of c2/t10

50
Q

Trapezius function

A

Elevation of the shoulder; cranial dorsal and caudal dorsal

51
Q

Rhomboideus

A

O: nuchal / supraspinatus ligament Ins: medial scapula cartilage Function: elevates scapula / Aids elevation neck at rest

52
Q

Rhomboideus function

A

Raises scapular and moves it forward. Elevates the neck.

53
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

O:Supraspinatus ligament & thorscolumbar fascia Ins: teres tuberosity of the humerus (medial) Function: retracts him after extension

54
Q

Latissimus dorsi function

A

When the forelimb is planted and extended it pulls the body forward.

55
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Origin: supraspinatus ligament and thoracolimbar fascia and inserts into media humerus

56
Q
A
57
Q
A
58
Q
A

Masster

Origion: Begins at the facial crest and zygomatic Arch

Insertion: Terminates on the lateral surface of the mandible

Function: When active closes the jaw. Assists in mastication.

59
Q
A

Temporalis

Origion: Temporal fossa and and medial surface of the zygomatic arch

Insertion: As it crosses medially and ventrally to the zygomatic arch it inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible.

Function: when the muscle is active it closes the jaw

60
Q
A

The nuchal ligament that turns into the supraspinous ligament as it enters the thoracic vertebra.

The laminar portion provides further passive support of the head and neck. It roughly spans c2 - c5 (as opposed to c2-c7) There are two cords side by side and two sheets side by side (separated by loose connective tissue)

61
Q

e

A

External Intercostals

Origin: Arise from the craial border of the ribs and their cartilages.

Insertion: Terminates on the caudal border of the ribs and cartilage.

Function: Support the ribcage and aid inspiration. (exhale)

62
Q
A

External intercostals

Origin: Originates from the caudal border of the ribs

Insertion: Cranial border and lateral surface of the succeeding ribs.

63
Q
A

Rectus capitis ventralis (ventral straight muscle of the head)

Origin: Begins at the ventral arch of the atlas

Insertion: Terminates on the two roughbasilar tubercles on the base of the skill at the junction of the basioccipital and the spenoid body

Function: Flexes the atlanto-occipital joint. Or when used unilaterally inclines the head to the contracted side.

64
Q
A

Rectus capitis lateralis

Origin: Begins on the ventral arch of the atlas

Insertion: Terminates on the paracondylar oricess if the occipital bone

Function: Flexes atlanto-occipital joint and unilateral inclines the head to the contracted side.

65
Q
A

Rectus capitis dorsalis minor

Origin: Muscle begins on the dorsal tubercle of the atlas

Insertion: Terminates beneath the rectus capitis dorsalis major immediately lateral to the attachment of the funicular part of the nuchal ligament on the occipital bone.

Function: Although a small weak muscle, it most likely assists the rectus capitis dorsalis major in the extension of the head.

66
Q
A

Rectus capitis dorsalis major

Origin: Starts at the dorsal edge of the spinous process of the axis (c2)

Insertion: Terminates on the nuchal crest (Poll)

Function: Will extend the head

67
Q
A

Multifidus (Cervicus)

Origin: Found on the articlar processes of the last 4-5 cervical vertebrae and the first thoracic vertebra. Has a two joint coverage.

Insertion: Terminates on the Spinous process and articuar process inserting in to the more cranial vertebra

Function: Stabilizers of the spine.Extend the neck. When contracting one side they pull the spinous processes caudally and towards the contracting muscle (twisting of the neck) (if the right hand side is contracted then twisting will be clockwise as seen by the rider)

68
Q
A

Multifidus thorasic et lumborum

Origin: Originate on the articular processes of the thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae. The multifidi begin at the mid-sacrum and extend to the cranial thorax where they continued by the multifidi of the neck.

Insertion: Normally these bundles terminates on the summits of the spinous processes of the preceding vertebrae. However on the first eight thoracic vertebrae which have exceptionally long spinous processes, the muscles of the end of the sides.

69
Q
A

Obliquus capitis cranialis (cranial head oblique muscle)

Origin: arises from the entire cranial edge and adjacent ventral surface of the wing of the atlas (c1)

Insertion: It terminates primarily on the nuchal crest of the occipital bone with minimal fibers terminating on the dorsal end of the paracondylar process.

Function: The main action of the muscle is to extend the the atlanto-occipital joint, thus straightening the horses head. There may be minimal lateral movement of the joint when contracting on one side.

70
Q
A

Obliquus capitis caudalis (caudal head oblique muscle)

Origin: It arises from the lateral surface of the spinous process and articular process of the axis (c2)

Insertion: Inserts into the dorsal surface of th e atlas’s wing

Function: It rotates the atlas and head to the same side as the muscle. It also assists in extending and fixing the atlanto xial joint (c1-c2)

71
Q
A

Longus capitis (long muscle of the head)

Origin: It begins on the transverse processes of c3-c5

Insertion: same termination as the rectus capitis ventralis on the same two rough tubercles (basilar tubercles) at the junction of the basioccipital and the spenoid body. The tendons of this muscle and the rectus capitis ventralis re fused near the insertion.

Function: When this muscle contracts both sides the neck is flexed at the nuchal curve. When only one side is engaged, it bends the neck sideways (laterally) to the side of contraction.

72
Q
A

Semispinalis capitis

Origin: Transerve process of thoracic vertebra 1-7. Articular processes of cervical verebra 3-7

Insertion: occipital bone

Function: Elevation of the neck, lateral movements of the head and neck

88
Q
A

Longissimus capitis

O: TRanserve process of T1 and T2 and the transerce process of the last 5 Cervical Vertebrae

In: Terminates on the mastoid process of the temporal bone.

Function: When both sides work together they extend the neck, unilaterally they flex the neck

89
Q
A

Longissimus Captits

Bi laterally they extend the neck, unilaterally they flex the neck to the side that contracts.

Difficult to palpate as sandwiched between splenius and semi-spinalis

90
Q
A

longissimus thoracis et lumborum Muscle

When both sides are activated they extend the back, when one side is activated they bend the spine laterally (to the side of contraction)

91
Q
A

Longissimus thoracis et lumborum

OR: Begins at the ilium and thge frist to theird SP of the sacrum, the thoracic and lumbar SP and the supraspinatus ligament

INS: On the thoracic and lumbar transverse processes

92
Q
A

Retractor Costae

When active, retracts the last rib moving it caudally and medially. It therefore aids expiration

93
Q
A

Retractor Costae

OR: Arises from the transverse process of the L1 to L3 or L4 via the thoracolumbar fascia

INS: Ends on the last rib.

94
Q
A

Infraspinatus

Makes fine adjustments to the angle of the shoulder joint and to facilitate balance and limb direction,

It abducts the arm and rotates it laterally (external rotation) Also acts as a lateral collateral ligament to the shoulder joint

95
Q
A

Infraspinatus

OR: Infraspinatus fossa of the scapula

INS: Ends on the greater tubercle of the humerus and distal to the supraspinatus

96
Q
A

Equine Anatomy (25 decks)

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