Intro to Muscles

Question 1

Muscles actively _____ and passively _____.

Answer 1

Actively contract

Passively relax

Question 2

In movement, bones create an _____ at the joints, forming an _____.

Answer 2

Angle

Apex

Question 3

To produce movement, the muscles make the angle of the joint either narrower (_____) or wider (_____)

Answer 3

Narrower = flexion
Wider = extension

Question 4

When muscles contract, it makes the joint _____ (_____)

Answer 4

Narrower (flexion)

Question 5

_____ makes the joint wider.

Answer 5

Extension

Question 6

If the shape of the joint allows, muscles may also move the bones sideways, either toward the body (_____) or away from it (_____).

Answer 6

Toward = adduction
Away = abduction

Question 7

_____ makes the joint narrower.

Answer 7

Flexion

Question 8

Muscles that have prime function of closing angle of a joint are called:

Answer 8

Flexors

Question 9

Muscles pass over the apex of the joint and are called:

Answer 9

Extensors

Question 10

Drawing a limb towards the body =

Answer 10

Adduction (muscles = adductors)

Question 11

Leading a limb away from the body =

Answer 11

Abduction (muscles = abductors)

Question 12

3 Types of muscle (List whether they are voluntary/involuntary and examples)

Answer 12

Smooth muscle (involuntary) - bladder, intestinal wall lining
Cardiac muscle (involuntary) - heart
Skeletal or striated muscle (voluntary) - attached to skeleton

Question 13

4 Functions of skeletal muscle

Answer 13

Support skeleton
Move skeleton
Maintain joint stability, preventing excessive movement
Produce heat by shivering

Question 14

Skeletal muscle consists of a central fleshy and contractile “_____” and 2 _____, one at each end.

Answer 14

Muscle belly and 2 tendons

Question 15

The muscles and tendons of skeletal muscle are arranged so that they _____ in one bone and _____ on a different bone while spanning at least one joint.

Answer 15

Originate; insert

Question 16

As muscles contract, the bones move in relation to….

Answer 16

Each other

Question 17

When activated by a motor nerve, a skeletal muscle can only _____.

Answer 17

Shorten

Question 18

Each muscle belly is made up of _____

Answer 18

Muscle fibers

Question 19

Each muscle fiber is innervated by _____

Answer 19

Only ONE motor neuron

Question 20

One motor neuron can innervated _____

Answer 20

Many muscle fibers

Question 21

Each muscle fiber contains hundreds to thousands of _____

Answer 21

Myofibrils

Question 22

Each myofibril is made up of repeating _____, which has a disk at each end called a _____.

Answer 22

Sarcomeres with Z disks

Question 23

Thin proteins called _____ are attached to Z disks

Answer 23

Actin

Question 24

Thicker proteins that are suspended between Z disks

Answer 24

Myosin

Question 25

"H" zone only contains

Answer 25

Myosin

Question 26

Muscles need _____ and _____ to contract.

Answer 26

Oxygen and glycogen

Question 27

_____ keep limbs from splaying out

Answer 27

Adductors

Question 28

Oxygen is stored in the muscle pigment and protein _____. Gives meat its pigment

Answer 28

Myoglobin

Question 29

When oxygen is the main fuel, work is called _____

Answer 29

Aerobic

Question 30

When glycogen is the main fuel, work is called _____

Answer 30

Anaerobic

Question 31

Glycogen is produced in the...

Answer 31

Liver

Question 32

3 types of skeletal muscle fibers

Answer 32

Type I Type II A Type II B

Question 33

8 Characterisitics of Type I fibers

Answer 33

``` Slow-twitch fibers Red endurance muscle ^ Myoglobin = Highly oxidative 1 motor neuron/ 20-30 musle fibers Slow to fatigue Narrow Less power Type of work: Endurance ```

Question 34

8 Characteristics of Type II B fibers

Answer 34

``` Fast-twitch fibers White sprint muscle Low-oxidative = high glycolytic capacity Rapidly fatigued Power Larger in diameter 1 motor neuron/2,000 muscle fibers Type of work: Sprinters ```

Question 35

5 Characteristics of Type II A fibers

Answer 35

``` Fast-twitch fibers High oxidative IN BETWEEN other two types ^ Myoglobin Type of work: Racing horses ```

Question 36

Usually a muscle belly contains a _____ of the 3 types of fiber, proportion varying according to muscle's use.

Answer 36

Blend

Question 37

The muscle belly blend of fibers depends on _____, _____, and _____.

Answer 37

Gender, breed and training

Question 38

During exercise _____ of fiber are used, with _____ recruited first, followed by _____ then _____

Answer 38

All the types used Type I first Type IIA Type IIB

Question 39

When anaerobic pathways are used during exercise, _____ results within the muscle fiber.

Answer 39

Lactic acid production

Question 40

Lactate reaches the blood and then _____

Answer 40

Needs to be removied via urination

Question 41

The rate of lactate removal from blood depends on _____ taken during the recovery period following an exercise bout.

Answer 41

Depends on the level of activity taken

Question 42

Lactate is removed from the blood faster at _____ > _____ > _____.

Answer 42

Trot Walk Stand

Question 43

If muscle could not produce any lactate, exercise would be limited to low and moderate intensities only. Lactice acid production is essential for _____, _____ and _____.

Answer 43

Acceleration, speed and explosive efforts

Question 44

_____ immediately after exercise bout is caused, in part, by lactate.

Answer 44

Muscle soreness