Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Equine Anatomy > Intro to Muscles > Flashcards

Intro to Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles actively _____ and passively _____.

A

Actively contract

Passively relax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In movement, bones create an _____ at the joints, forming an _____.

A

Angle

Apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

To produce movement, the muscles make the angle of the joint either narrower (_____) or wider (_____)

A 
Narrower = flexion
Wider = extension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When muscles contract, it makes the joint _____ (_____)

A

Narrower (flexion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_____ makes the joint wider.

A

Extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If the shape of the joint allows, muscles may also move the bones sideways, either toward the body (_____) or away from it (_____).

A 
Toward = adduction
Away = abduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

_____ makes the joint narrower.

A

Flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Muscles that have prime function of closing angle of a joint are called:

A

Flexors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Muscles pass over the apex of the joint and are called:

A

Extensors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Drawing a limb towards the body =

A

Adduction (muscles = adductors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Leading a limb away from the body =

A

Abduction (muscles = abductors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 Types of muscle (List whether they are voluntary/involuntary and examples)

A 
Smooth muscle (involuntary) - bladder, intestinal wall lining
Cardiac muscle (involuntary) - heart
Skeletal or striated muscle (voluntary) - attached to skeleton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

4 Functions of skeletal muscle

A

Support skeleton
Move skeleton
Maintain joint stability, preventing excessive movement
Produce heat by shivering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Skeletal muscle consists of a central fleshy and contractile “_____” and 2 _____, one at each end.

A

Muscle belly and 2 tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The muscles and tendons of skeletal muscle are arranged so that they _____ in one bone and _____ on a different bone while spanning at least one joint.

A

Originate; insert

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

As muscles contract, the bones move in relation to….

A

Each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When activated by a motor nerve, a skeletal muscle can only _____.

A

Shorten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Each muscle belly is made up of _____

A

Muscle fibers

19
Q

Each muscle fiber is innervated by _____

A

Only ONE motor neuron

20
Q

One motor neuron can innervated _____

A

Many muscle fibers

21
Q

Each muscle fiber contains hundreds to thousands of _____

A

Myofibrils

22
Q

Each myofibril is made up of repeating _____, which has a disk at each end called a _____.

A

Sarcomeres with Z disks

23
Q

Thin proteins called _____ are attached to Z disks

A

Actin

24
Q

Thicker proteins that are suspended between Z disks

A

Myosin

25
Q

“H” zone only contains

A

Myosin

26
Q

Muscles need _____ and _____ to contract.

A

Oxygen and glycogen

27
Q

_____ keep limbs from splaying out

A

Adductors

28
Q

Oxygen is stored in the muscle pigment and protein _____. Gives meat its pigment

A

Myoglobin

29
Q

When oxygen is the main fuel, work is called _____

A

Aerobic

30
Q

When glycogen is the main fuel, work is called _____

A

Anaerobic

31
Q

Glycogen is produced in the…

A

Liver

32
Q

3 types of skeletal muscle fibers

A

Type I
Type II A
Type II B

33
Q

8 Characterisitics of Type I fibers

A 
Slow-twitch fibers
Red endurance muscle
^ Myoglobin = Highly oxidative
1 motor neuron/ 20-30 musle fibers
Slow to fatigue
Narrow
Less power
Type of work: Endurance
34
Q

8 Characteristics of Type II B fibers

A 
Fast-twitch fibers
White sprint muscle
Low-oxidative = high glycolytic capacity
Rapidly fatigued
Power 
Larger in diameter
1 motor neuron/2,000 muscle fibers
Type of work: Sprinters
35
Q

5 Characteristics of Type II A fibers

A 
Fast-twitch fibers
High oxidative
IN BETWEEN other two types
^ Myoglobin
Type of work: Racing horses
36
Q

Usually a muscle belly contains a _____ of the 3 types of fiber, proportion varying according to muscle’s use.

A

Blend

37
Q

The muscle belly blend of fibers depends on _____, _____, and _____.

A

Gender, breed and training

38
Q

During exercise _____ of fiber are used, with _____ recruited first, followed by _____ then _____

A

All the types used

Type I first
Type IIA
Type IIB

39
Q

When anaerobic pathways are used during exercise, _____ results within the muscle fiber.

A

Lactic acid production

40
Q

Lactate reaches the blood and then _____

A

Needs to be removied via urination

41
Q

The rate of lactate removal from blood depends on _____ taken during the recovery period following an exercise bout.

A

Depends on the level of activity taken

42
Q

Lactate is removed from the blood faster at _____ > _____ > _____.

A

Trot
Walk
Stand

43
Q

If muscle could not produce any lactate, exercise would be limited to low and moderate intensities only. Lactice acid production is essential for _____, _____ and _____.

A

Acceleration, speed and explosive efforts

44
Q

_____ immediately after exercise bout is caused, in part, by lactate.

A

Muscle soreness

Equine Anatomy (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions