Joints and Tendons

Question 1

Joints occur where _____ bones meet.

Answer 1

2 or more

Question 2

What are 3 examples of joints that meet at more than 2 bones?

Answer 2

Coffin, hock and knee joints

Question 3

Not all joints are constructed to _____

Answer 3

Allow movement

Question 4

Type and form of joints are determined by _____ and _____.

Answer 4

Their function and the degree of mobility required

Question 5

Fixed joints composed of fibrous connective tissue between bones (Ex: skull sutures)

Answer 5

Fibrous joints

Question 6

Epiphyseal (growth) plates in long bones before ossification and fibro-cartilagenous disk (intervertebral disks)

Answer 6

Cartilagenous joints

Question 7

Free-moving joints, bones are connected by a fibrous capsule. Bone ends are covered by cartilage, which in conjunction with synovial fluids, reduces _____.

Answer 7

Synovial joints

Reduces friction

Question 8

Resembles a sponge, has peaks and valleys, with _____ in the valleys.

Answer 8

Articular cartilage with synovial fluid

Question 9

Articular cartilage can _____

Answer 9

Withstand compression

Question 10

Articular cartilage is _____

Answer 10

Shock-absorbing

Question 11

Surface of articular cartilage is _____, _____ and _____.

Answer 11

Wear-resistant, low friction and elastic

Question 12

Secreted by the synovial membrane. Its function is to _____.

Answer 12

Synovial fluid

Function: To provide a liquid environment for the articular cartilage

Question 13

Synovial fluid acts as a _____ and helps to reduce _____ and _____ of joint surfaces

Answer 13

Lubricant; friction and erosion

Question 14

Synovial fluid becomes _____ when a horse stands still in its stall.

Answer 14

Stiff, still, no movement causes synovial fluid to become viscous; cracking sound when you bring them out of their stalls. Not meant to be standing still

Question 15

You want to preserve this cartilage

Answer 15

Articular cartilage; Allows gliding

Question 16

Synovial fluid has chains full of…

Answer 16

Sulfur and hyaluronic acid

Question 17

Joints have specific mechanical shapes and these rigorously _____.

Answer 17

Define the parameters of movement

Question 18

Muscles may converge on a joint from…

Answer 18

All directions

Question 19

If a joint has a wide range of movement, it must rely heavily on…

Answer 19

Muscles to protect it from injury (ex: hip joint)

Question 20

All movement is the result of contraction of _____ across a movable joint.

Answer 20

Skeletal contraction

Question 21

The movement produced by a muscle is strictly limited by its _____, _____, and _____ in relation to the skeleton, the same way that the movement of a joint is limited by the joint’s _____.

Answer 21

Size, shape and placement

Shape