Muscles of the Hindlimb

Question 1

Long and Lateral digital extensors located on front of hindlimb function to

Answer 1

Flex the hock Extend the digit

Question 2

Deep digital flexor muscle and tendon and Superficial digital flexor muscle located on back of the hindlimb function to

Answer 2

Extend the hock Flex the digit

Question 3

When fascia is injured….

Answer 3

Scar tissue develops which effectively glues individual muscles together, creating adhesions

Question 4

Extensor retinaculums function to

Answer 4

Keep muscles and tendons in place

Question 5

Where it passes underneath a retinaculum, each tendon…

Answer 5

Is enclosed in a lubricated sheath of connective tissue

Question 6

The whole body is enveloped in broad expanses of

Answer 6

Fascia

Question 7

Fascia is connective tissue that contains

Answer 7

A mesh of collagen and elastic fibers

Question 8

The mesh of fascia gives the fascia

Answer 8

High tensile strength

Question 9

The presence of fascia protects the layers of muscles and ensures that their….

Answer 9

Surfaces slide past each other without interference

Question 10

In the hindlimb, the structure of the fascia play an important role in…

Answer 10

Movement

Question 11

The fascia has fibrous attachments to bone surfaces and ligaments and serve as…

Answer 11

A place of insertion for powerful muscles of hindquarters

Question 12

Unlike those of the upper forelimb, many muscles of the upper hindlimb do not attach directly to _____, instead they use _____

Answer 12

The bones, fascia

Question 13

Muscles of the hindlimb pull on the _____ and _____ pulls on the joint.

Answer 13

Pull on the fascia and the fascia pulls on the joint

Question 14

Biceps femoris

Answer 14

Extends hip and stifle thus also extending the hock

Question 15

One head of biceps femoris begins at _____ and the other at _____

Answer 15

Sacrum and Ischiatic tuberosity

Question 16

Insertions of biceps femoris

Answer 16

Femur, lateral patellar ligament, fascia

Question 17

The biceps femoris can be an…

Answer 17

Abductor (turns the leg outwards and to the side)

Question 18

When hindleg in stance phase, biceps femoris…

Answer 18

Pushes body forwards, and if necessary turns body on hindquarters

Question 19

Semitendinosus muscle has two origins…

Answer 19

Sacrum and Ischiatic tuberosity

Question 20

Insertions of semitendinosus

Answer 20

Partly on tibia, partly in fascia

Question 21

In the stance phase, semitendinosus muscles…

Answer 21

Extends hip, stifle and hock

Pushes body forwards

Question 22

In the swing phase, the semitendinosus…

Answer 22

Flexes the stifle

Question 23

The semitendinosus is an…

Answer 23

Adductor (impedes leg from splaying out)

Question 24

Any ridden movement that requires the horse to _____ relies on the power of semitendinosus and biceps femoris, but also on the strength and elasticity of the fascia.

Answer 24

Push body forwards

Question 25

Semitendinosus is on the _____ of the leg.

Answer 25

Inside

Question 26

Semimembranosus begins at the

Answer 26

Ischiatic tuberosity

Question 27

The action of semimembranosus supports that of the biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles by...

Answer 27

Extending the hip and stifle joints and pushing the body forward in the stance phase of the stride

Question 28

When the foot is off the ground, the semimembranosus

Answer 28

Flexes the stifle and pulls the tibia backward

Question 29

Name the 4 adductor muscles

Answer 29

Pectineus, adductor, gracilis, and sartorius muscles

Question 30

The adductor muscles bring the leg...

Answer 30

Toward the midline

Question 31

The adductor muscles lie...

Answer 31

Under the pelvis

Question 32

The adductor muscles assist in...

Answer 32

The flexion of hip and stifle joints (to prevent legs from splaying out)

Question 33

What muscles are most important in the ridden horse?

Answer 33

Psoas and Iliopsoas muscles

Question 34

The psoas and iliopsoas group sit

Answer 34

Underneath lumber vertebrae and connect to the pelvis

Question 35

The psoas and iliopsoas muscles will _____ when rider mounts which doesn't \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 35

Tense which doesn't brace or lower the pelvis

Question 36

For movement to happen, the hindleg needs to be brought _____ (pelvis need to \_\_\_\_\_)

Answer 36

Brought underneath (pelvis needs to lower)

Question 37

The psoas and iliopsoas function to

Answer 37

Lower the pelvis Brace pelvis Bring hindleg forward

Question 38

For horse to bring his leg under his body, the pelvis must be lowered and the lumber spine must be stabilized. This is the responsibility of...

Answer 38

The psoas and iliopsoas muscles

Question 39

The _____ and _____ are responsible for lowering the pelvis and bracing the spine when the hindlimb muscles push the body forward.

Answer 39

Psoas and iliopsoas muscles

Question 40

The horse's natural response to the weight of the saddle and rider is to...

Answer 40

Tense these muscles which prevents him from stepping under with the hindlegs

Question 41

If the psoas and iliopsoas muscles never soften or supple, the horse will...

Answer 41

Never engage his hindquarters correctly

Question 42

Good way to "unlock" psoas and iliopsoas

Answer 42

Warm-up exercises

Question 43

The superficial gluteus and tensor fascia lata muscles are interconnected along their borders and both originate at...

Answer 43

Coxal tuberosity

Question 44

The superficial gluteus is anchored in the \_\_\_\_\_. It uses this to \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 44

Fascia glutea; Flex the hip; Abducts the limb

Question 45

The tensor fascia lata is anchored in the fascia lata, \_\_\_\_\_. This _____ and \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 45

Tightening the fascia; This flexes the hip and extends the stifle

Question 46

Middle gluteus will _____ and \_\_\_\_\_. It uses the _____ as a lever.

Answer 46

Extend the hip and stretch the limb backward; Uses greater trochanter

Question 47

The middle gluteus has an extension, \_\_\_\_\_, which...

Answer 47

Gluteal tongue which feeds into the lumbar portion of the longissimus muscle

Question 48

The middle gluteus transmits the push of b. femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosis to the _____ and \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 48

Lumbar region and back muscles

Question 49

In the unridden and/or untrained horse, natural muscle bulk favors the _____ and _____ muscles.

Answer 49

Middle gluteus and biceps femoris

Question 50

Middle gluteus and biceps femoris have the power to propel the body _____ and the suspension of the \_\_\_\_\_, protects the forelimb from \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 50

Propel body forwards, suspension of the chest muscles, protects the forelimb from concussion

Question 51

In horses that are _ridden_, the chest muscles alone do not have the capacity to _____ when it is combined with the rider's weight.

Answer 51

Suspend the forelimb

Question 52

What muscle contributions are important in the _ridden_ horse?

Answer 52

Tensor fascia lata Superficial gluteus Quadriceps femoris

Question 53

Step 1: Superficial gluteus and tensor fascia lata muscles used to \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 53

FLEX the hip

Question 54

Step 2: Semitendinosus function to _____ and whole limb is brought under the horse.

Answer 54

Flexes stifle

Question 55

Step 3: The fascia reinforces the action of the _____ as it begins to \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 55

Action of the **quadriceps muscle** as it begins to **extend the stifle**

Question 56

Step 4: The extension of the stifle and whole limb is then taken over by the....

Answer 56

B. femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles

Question 57

How do you strengthen a horse's back muscles?

Answer 57

More exercises to increase topline NOT more eating more

Question 58

Poor development of tensor fascia lata, quadriceps femoris always means _____ which leads to \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 58

Poor impulsion which leads to stifle wear or back pain