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Equine Anatomy > Intro to Bones > Flashcards

Intro to Bones Flashcards

1
Q

2 bones meet at a…

A

Joint

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2
Q

Joints that require a lot of movement/wide range of movement (ex: Head of femur and acetabulum = hip joint) need a lot of _____ to _____.

A

Muscles to protect it from injury

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3
Q

3 Types of Joints

A

Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints

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4
Q

Fibrous joints are _____. Do they ossify with age?

A

Immovable; ossify with age

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5
Q

Two examples of fibrous joints are…

A

Suture = most joints of the skull
Syndesmosis = between shafts of some long bones (ex: splint bones)
ex: Cannon + 2 splint bones. Will ossify after ~6 years

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6
Q

Cartilaginous joints have _____.

A

Limited movement (midline)

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7
Q

Two examples of cartilaginous joints are…

A 
Symphysis = fibrocartilage: pelvis for birthing
Growth plates (long bones) = hyaline cartilage grows and ossifies with age
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8
Q

Synovial joints are _____.

A

Movable

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9
Q

4 Examples of synovial joints are…

A 
Articular cartilage = prevents friction between bones
Synovial membrane = produces lubricating synovial fluid
Fibrous joint capsule
Collateral ligaments (extra-articular)
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10
Q

Any identical structure found on both sides of a joint or limb is termed…

A

Collateral

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11
Q

On a long bone, what is diaphysis?

A

Shaft of the bone

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12
Q

On a long bone, what is epiphysis?

A

Proximal and distal ends of the bone

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13
Q

Where the growth plate (on long bone) used to be…

A

Epiphyseal line

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14
Q

Covers outside of long bone; vessel-rich

A

Periosteum

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15
Q

Covers end of long bone where it meets another bone in a joint

A

Articular cartilage

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16
Q

Blood for the long bone is supplied by vessels on the _____ and by the nutrient artery (through the _____) carrying blood to the…

A

Periosteum; Nutrient foramen; Endosteum

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17
Q

_____ means opening or perforation, Arteries, veins and nerves pass through this.

A

Foramen

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18
Q

Axial bones (9)

A 
Head
Mandible
Atlas
Axis
Cervical vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccygeal vertebrae
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19
Q

Thoracic/Forelimb bones (7)

A 
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpus
Metacarpus
Phalanges
Sesamoids
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20
Q

Pelvic/Hindlimb bones (9)

A 
Pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubis)
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Patella
Tarsus
Metatarsus
Phalanges
Sesamoids
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21
Q

To force a joint beyond its boundary will result in..

A

Unsoundness

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22
Q

If a joint is shaped like a hinge, then…

A

It cannot move as a ball and socket

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23
Q

The sacrum is _____ fused together.

A

5 vertebrae

24
Q

The 1st cervical vertebrae is…

A

Atlas

25
Q

The 2nd cervical vertebrae is…

A

Axis

26
Q

What means a “rough area”?

A

Tuberosity

27
Q

The head of the femur articulates with?

A

Acetabulum of the pelvis

28
Q

Muscles and bone are mutually _____.

A

Dependent

29
Q

Muscles need the skeletal frame to _____.

A

Turn the power of movement into locomotion

30
Q

_____ attach to _____ by means of _____ in a strategic way to produce movement.

A

Muscles attach to bones by means of tendons

31
Q

Joints are held in alignment by elastic strong tissues called…

A

Ligaments

32
Q

Tendons: Connect _____ to _____.

A

Muscles to Bone

33
Q

Ligaments: Connect _____ to _____.

A

Bone to Bone

34
Q

Functions of the skeleton (5)

A
  1. To provide a framework for other body tissues to build upon
  2. To act as a system of levers for the muscles to work against, which results in movement.
  3. To protect inner vital organs: brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs, kidneys, digestive system, liver, etc.
  4. To store Ca and P
  5. To produce red and white blood cells
35
Q

The mastoid process allows the horse to…

A

Turn its head side to side

36
Q

The perforation through which the brain connects with the spinal cord

A

Foramen Magnum

37
Q

Atlas/occipital

A

“Yes” motion

38
Q

Atlas/axis

A

“No” motion

39
Q

Atlas connects cranially with…

A

Occipital bone

40
Q

Atlas connect caudally with…

A

Axis

41
Q

Cranial and Caudal extremity articulate with…

A

Other vertebrae

42
Q

Ribs articulate with what structure?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

43
Q

How many ribs total?

A

36

44
Q

What word has to do with ribs?

A

Costal

45
Q

What word has to do with cartilage?

A

Chondro

46
Q

Foramen or Foramina means…

A

Hole

47
Q

Dens or odontoid has to do with..

A

Teeth/Tooth

48
Q

Each rib articulates with…

A

TWO thoracic vertebrae

49
Q

The last cervical vertebrae articulate with the _____.

A

1st cervical vertebrae

50
Q

The 1st cervical vertebrae is an area of huge transition. It lies underneath the _____. Lots of _____ attach under the scapula. Can be a source of _____ for the horse.

A

Underneath the scapula
Lots of muscles attach
Can be a source of pain

51
Q

The saddle is placed on which vertebrae?

A

Thoracic. (When placed on lumber, it causes PAIN - “roach” back)

52
Q

Only _____ first ribs are attached to sternum.

A

8

53
Q

_____ are united by elastic tissue. They are called _____ ribs.

A

9-18 - Asternal

54
Q

Fused costal cartilages form…

A

Costal arch

55
Q

Horses have _____ pairs of ribs (Sometimes _____).

A

18 (Sometimes 19)

Equine Anatomy (25 decks)

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