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Structure, function and defence > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 sections of the nervous system?

A

Central - Spine/brain

Peripheral - everywhere else

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2
Q

What are the subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A

Somatic - voluntary controllers

Autonomic - involuntary controllers

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3
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic - Fight or flight

Parasympathetic - Rest and digest

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4
Q

What are the main features of neurones?

A

Dendrites - bring signals to cell body
Axon - Action potential travels down
Axon terminals - release neuronal commmunicators for dendritic receptor recognition

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5
Q

What is the resting membrane potential across a neurone?

A

-60mV

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6
Q

What happens during an action potential?

A

Rapid influx of Na+ ions to +30mV internal membrane potential followed by rapid efflux of K+ ions to return the membrane potential to normal

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7
Q

What are the 4 states of a voltage-gated Na+ channel?

A

Resting
Open
Inactivated
Closed and inactivated

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8
Q

What does tetrodotoxin (TTX) do?

A

Paralyses the body

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9
Q

What happens when the action potential reaches the axon terminal?

A

Release of neurotransmitters across the synapse

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10
Q

What is the relationship between speed of transmission and diameter of axon?

A

Bigger diameter = faster transmission

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11
Q

What does myelination do?

A

Increases the speed of conductance by introducing nodes (of ranvier) where the action potential can jump between

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12
Q

What diseases are caused by the loss of myelination?

A

CNS - MS

PNS - Guillain-Barre

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of Glial cell and their functions?

A

Microglia - Remove debris
Astrocytes - Regulate the extracellular chemical content
Oligodendrocytes - Provide myelination of axons

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of neurone?

A

Sensory - carry information to the CNS
Interneurones - carry commands within CNS for complex processing
Motor - cyy information from CNS to effector tissue

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15
Q

What are the 4 main lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal lobe - cognition/motor control
Parietal lobe - Sensory
Temporal lobe - Auditory/memory
Occipital lobe - vision

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16
Q

What are the 12 Cranial nerves and their functions?

A 
Olfactory - Smell
Optic - Vision
Oculomotor - Eye movement
Tronchlear - Eye movement
Trigeminal - Face sensation/chewing
Abducens - Eye movement
Facial - Face movement/taste
Vesticulocochlear - Hearing/balance
Glosso-pharyngeal - Throat sensation/chewing/swallowing
Vagus - Movement/sensation/abdominal organs
Accessory - Neck movement
Hypoglossal - Movement/sensation/abdominal organs
17
Q

How many pairs of nerves are in the spinal cord?

A

31 - 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal

Structure, function and defence (28 decks)

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