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Structure, function and defence > Cell + Tissue Structure > Flashcards

Cell + Tissue Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of tissue?

A

Nervous
Epithelial
Muscle
Connective

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2
Q

What are the subtypes of epithelial tissue?

A

Squamous - Flat/Thin, passage of substances
Cuboidal - Cube shaped, microvilli, secretion/absorption
Columnar - Columns, protect underlying tissue, secretion/absorption

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3
Q

How can epithelial tissue be arranged?

A

Simple - 1 cell layer
Stratified - multi-layered
Pseudostratified - simple columnar
Transtitional - changing shapes (stretching)

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4
Q

What is epithelial tissue used for?

A

Covering surfaces in the body. Serous membranes, protecting cavities, Mucous membranes, Thermoregulation

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5
Q

What are the subtypes of connective tissue?

A

Connective tissue proper - Loose (adipose) or Dense (ligaments/tendons or collagen)
Fluid connective tissue - Blood or lymph
Supporting connective tissue - Cartilage or bone

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6
Q

What are the subtypes of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal - Voluntary control (mostly), moves skeleton
Smooth - Involuntary, Blood vessels or stomach/digestive tract
Cardiac - Involuntary, cardiomyocytes, rhythmic, hormones/neurotransmitters effect rhythm

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7
Q

Which part of a nerve cell carries the signal to the cell body and which away?

A 
Dendrite = to
Axon = away
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8
Q

What are the 4 shapes of neuron?

A

Unipolar, Multipolar, Bipolar, Pseudounipolar

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9
Q

How are nerves organised?

A

Axon, Myelin sheath, Endoneurium, Fasicle, Perineurium, Epineurium, Nerve

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10
Q

How is the heart organised?

A

Dense fibrous layer, Loose connective tissue + Epithelium (Parietal pericardium), Pericardial cavity, Epithelium + Looseconnective tissue (Visceral pericardium), Cardical muscle, Loose connective tissue + Endothelium (Endocardium)

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11
Q

What is the basement membrane composed of?

A

Type IV Collagen, Glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans

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12
Q

What is Pemphigus vulgaris?

A

An autoimmune disease where antibodies destroy the desmosomes and the cells drift away from one another within the tissue

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13
Q

What is Bollous pemphigoid?

A

An autoimmune disease where antibodies destroy the hemidesmosomes and the tissue loses the anchoring to the epithelial layer

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14
Q

How are grow-down epithelial glands formed?

A

Epithelial cells grow down into the tissue, become specialised and remain in contact with the epithelial layer (exocrine). If connection is lost then the gland becomes endocrine

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15
Q

What are the methods of exocrine secretion?

A

Merocrine - standard vesicles
Apocrine - Portion of cell containing the substance is broken off
Holocrine - cell dies while producing the substance and releases it upon breakdown of cell wall

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16
Q

What are the shapes of exocrine glands?

A

Simple tubular - Intestinal glands
Simple coiled tubular - sweat glands
Simple branched tubular - Mucous glands of esophagus, tongue and duodenum
Simple Aveolar - Development stage (not found in adults)
Simple branched alveolar - Sebaceous glands (oil)
Compound tubular - Mucous glands of mouth, gastric glands, Bulbourethral glands (males), testes
Compound alveolar - Mammary glands
Compound tubuloalveolar - Salivary glands, Respiratory glands, Pancreas

17
Q

What does ECM stand for? and what is it made up of?

A

Extracellular matrix. Fibres (collagen, elastin, fibronectins), substances secreted by different cell types

18
Q

What is connective tissue made up of?

A

5% cells, 95% ECM

19
Q

What do fibroblasts do?

A

Produce ECM

20
Q

What do Myofibroblasts do?

A

Secrete ECM and contract (sometimes)

21
Q

Chondrocytes and osteoblasts secrete what?

A

Collagen for bones and cartilage

22
Q

What is the function of elastin?

A

To hold the collagen fibres in place with its elasticity

23
Q

How is the GI tract organised?

A

Lumen, Mucosa, Epithelium, Basement membrane, Lamina Propria, Muscularis mucosa, submucosa, Inner circular muscle, outer longitudinal muscle

Structure, function and defence (28 decks)

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