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Structure, function and defence > Medical Microbiology > Flashcards

Medical Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main difference between gram +ve and gram -ve bacteria?

A

Cell wall is thicker in gram +ve bacteria

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2
Q

What are the different bacterial shapes?

A 
Cocci - sphere
Bacilli - rod
Coccobacillus - oval
Vibrio - comma
Spirilla - curved rod
Spirochetes - corkscrew
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3
Q

What are the different bacterial arrangemetns?

A

Staphylo - grapes

Strepto - links

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4
Q

What does Staphylococcus aureus cause?

A

Wound infections, Food poisoning

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5
Q

What does Streptococcus pyogenes cause?

A

Nasopharyngeal infections, wound infections

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6
Q

What does Clostridium perfrigens cause?

A

Wound infections, food poisoning

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7
Q

What does Clostridium difficile cause?

A

Wound infections, food poisoning

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8
Q

What does Bacillus anthracis cause?

A

Anthrax

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9
Q

What does Nieserria meningitides cause?

A

Meningitis

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10
Q

What does Nieserrie gonorrhoeae cause?

A

Gonorrhoea, conjunctivitis

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11
Q

What does Escherichia coli cause?

A

Food poisoning, diarrhoeal or haemorrhagic gastroenteritis, wound infections

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12
Q

What does salmonella cause?

A

Food poisoning, enteric fever, gastroenteritis, bacteraemia

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13
Q

What does Shigella cause?

A

Dysentery

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14
Q

What does Haemophillus influenzae cause?

A

Meningitis, Respiratory tract infections

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15
Q

What does Yersinis pestis cause?

A

Respiratory tract infections, bubonic plague

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16
Q

What does Vibrio cholerae cause?

A

Cholera

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17
Q

What does Vibrio parahaemolyticus cause?

A

Food poisoning, wound infection

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18
Q

What does Chlamydia trachomatis cause?

A

Chlamydia

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19
Q

What does Mycoplasma cause?

A

Respiratory tract infections

20
Q

What does Mycobacterium cause?

A

Tuberculosis, leprosy

21
Q

What does streptococcus pneumoniae cause?

A

Pneumonia

22
Q

What does Helicobacter pylori cause?

A

Abdominal pain, nausea

23
Q

What does Treponema cause?

A

Syphilus

24
Q

What does Propionibacterium cause?

A

Acne

25
Q

What does methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus cause?

A

Wound infections, Food poisoning

26
Q

What does Trypanosoma cause?

A

Fever

27
Q

What does Staph saprophyticus cause?

A

UTI

28
Q

What does Staph epidermidis cause?

A

Red bumps on skin

29
Q

What does Beta haemolytic Strep Group A cause?

A

Tonsilitis

30
Q

What does Beta haemolytic Strep Group B cause?

A

Issues with breathing in babies

31
Q

What does Viridans group Streptococci cause?

A

Fatigue, fever

32
Q

What does Clostridium tetani cause?

A

Tetanus

33
Q

What are obligate aerobes/anaerobes?

A

Bacteria which require either O2 or no O2 to respire

34
Q

What are facultative anaerobes?

A

Grow with or without O2

35
Q

What are microaerophilic bacterium?

A

grow with CO2 in reduced O2

36
Q

What are the 4 serotypes?

A

Liposaccharides - O antigens
Flagella - H antigens
Capsule - K antigens
Fimbriae - F antigens

37
Q

Human bacteria are optimal aat ~37C what are they called?

A

Mesophiles

38
Q

What are the 5 virulent factors?

A 
Colonisation
Invasion
Host damage
Resistance to host defence
Latency
39
Q

How do bacteria colonise their hosts?

A

Adhesion - Surface charges, hydrophobicity, fimbriae, surface adhesion molecules

40
Q

How do bacteria invade their hosts?

A

Alteration of the cytoskeleton

41
Q

How do bacteria damage their host?

A

Endotoxins, Exotoxins

42
Q

How do bacteria evade the host defence?

A

Capsules, Decoy proteins, encapulation in clot, cell death of macrophages, change of structure to avoid detection, change surface proteins to avoid antibodies

43
Q

What is latency?

A

When the bacteria lies dormant in the host and becomes activated at a later stage. Usually when the host is immunosuppressed

44
Q

What does microscopy culture and sensitivity (MC&S) do?

A

Grows colonies of a patient sample so as to identify the bacteria by outting those colonies under different conditions to see if they survive

45
Q

What are the different haemolyses?

A

beta - complete degradation of RBCs
alpha - incomplete dgradation of RBCs
gamma - no degradation of RBCs

Structure, function and defence (28 decks)

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