Nervous Flashcards
1
Q
Cerebell/o
A
Cerebellum
2
Q
Cerebr/o
A
Cerebrum, brain
3
Q
Spin/o
A
Spine, backbone
4
Q
Intra-
A
Within, inside
5
Q
Neur/I, neur/o
A
Nerve, nerve tissue
6
Q
Myel/o
A
Spinal cord, bone marrow
7
Q
Poly
A
Many
8
Q
-um
A
Noun ending
9
Q
Crani/o
A
Skull
10
Q
-al
A
Pertaining to
11
Q
Inter-
A
Between, among
12
Q
Mening/o
A
Membranous, menings
13
Q
-graphy
A
Process of recording
14
Q
-itis
A
Inflammation of
15
Q
Involuntary nerves; maintains heart beat
A
Brain stem
16
Q
Largest area of the brain
A
Cerebrum
17
Q
Organic loss of intellectual function
A
Dementia
18
Q
Convey information to the muscles and glands from the central nervous system
A
Efferent
19
Q
Sudden pushing force
A
Impulse
20
Q
Connecting nerves that carry and process sensory information from afferent to efferent nerves
A
Interneurons
21
Q
3 membranes that surround/protect brain and spinal cord
A
Meninges
22
Q
Chemical messenger, released from axon to neuron
A
Neurotransmitter
23
Q
Specialization of nerve cell that determines impulse flow
A
Polarity
24
Q
Involuntary action in response to stimulus
A
Reflex
25
Voluntary nerves
Somatic nervous system
26
Space between two neurons
Synapse
27
Directs coordination, muscle tone, equilibrium
Cerebellum
28
Fluid contained in brain's ventricles, intercranial space, central canal of spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid
29
Contains hypotheolus/thalamus, regulates ANS, controls hormone secretion
Diencephalon
30
Transient disturbances of brain function
Epilepsy
31
Situated within cranium
Intracranial
32
Insufficient blood to body part caused by functional constriction of blood vessel
Ischemia
33
Radiographs of spinal cord after injection of contrast median
Myelography
34
Nerve cells (highly specialized)
Neuron
35
Inflammation of many nerves at once
Polyneuritis
36
Control center
Central nervous system
37
Any substance or action that produces response
Stimulus
38
What is the function of the nervous system
Carry messages from the brain to the rest of the body
39
Basic element of the nervous system
Highly specialized
Vary in function, shape, and size
Separated by synapses
Neurons
40
Gaps in between each neuron
Synapse
41
Stimulates impulse to jump to next nerve
Neurotransmitter
42
What are the neuron parts
Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
43
Have fibers to reach out to send or receive impulses
Cell body
44
Thin branching extensions of cell body
| Conduct nerve impulses to cell body
Dendrites
45
Conducts nerve impulses away from cell body
Covered by a myelin sheath
End of axon has fibers that let the impulse leave the nerve
Axon
46
What are the two basic properties
Excitability
| Conductivity
47
Ability to respond to a stimulus
Excitability
48
Ability to transmit a signal
Conductivity
49
What are the types of neurons
Efferent
Afferent
Interneurons
50
Carry info to muscles and glands from CNS
Efferent
51
Carry info from sensory system to CNS
Afferent
52
Carry and process sensory information
Interneurons
53
- Support, connect, protect and remove debris
- Do not transmit impulses
- Form blood-brain barrier
- Permits some chemical substances to reach the brains neurons but blocks most others
Neuroglias
54
What's in the central nervous system
The brain and the spinal cord
55
What are the functions of the CNS
- Receives and interprets all stimuli
- Sends nerve impulses to instruct muscles and glands to take over or respond to certain action
- Causes voluntary and involuntary actions
56
What are the four brain divisions
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
57
Brainstem parts
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
58
Visual and auditory reflex
Midbrain
59
Controls certain respiratory functions (breathing)
Pons
60
Regulates involuntary functions (blood pressures, respiration, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing)
Medulla oblongata
61
Coordinates musculoskeletal movements (posture, balance, muscle tone)
Cerebellum
62
2 hemispheres, 4 lobes (largest section)
Cerebrum
63
Moral behavior, voluntary motor movement, personality, memory, reasoning, emotion
Frontal
64
What are the four lobes
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
65
Controls and interprets senses and taste, understanding speech, choosing words
Parietal
66
Memory, equilibrium, emotion, hearing and understanding of speech, memory of music, visual scenes
Temporal
67
Vision and interpretation
Occipital
68
Deep portion of brain
| Relay center for sensations
Diencephalon
69
What does the Diencephalon contain
Thalamus
| Hypothalamus
70
What does the Diencephalon control
```
Heart rate
BP
Temp
Water and electrolyte balance
Digestive functions
Glandular activities
```
71
Fills the area between the brain and the cranium
| Watery fluid that contains various compounds
Cerebrospinal fluid
72
What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid
Cradles and cushions brain
73
Olfactory
1. Smell
74
Optic
2. Vision
75
Oculomotor
3. Pupil size
76
Trochlear
4. Rotate eyes
77
Trigeminal
5. Facial and head sensation
78
Abducens
6. Move eyes laterally
79
Fascial
7. Controls facial expressions and taste
80
Acoustic
8. Hearing and balance
81
Glossopharyngeal
9. Taste and swallowing
82
Vagus
10. Speech and swallowing
83
Spinal accessory
11. Move neck and back muscles
84
Hypoglossal
12. Tongue movement
85
What is the spinal cord protected by?
Vertebrae in back
Cerebrospinal fluid
Meninges
Vertebral column
86
Outer layer of meninges
Dura mater- tough, fibrous; contains channels for blood to enter brain tissue
87
Middle layer of meninges
Arachnoid mater- web like structure
88
Innermost layer of meninges
Pia mater- contains blood vessels that nourish spinal cord
89
Peripheral nervous system
12 Cranial nerves
| 31 spinal nerves
90
Carry impulses to and from brain
12 cranial nerves
91
Carry messages to and from the spinal cord and the torso and extremities of the body
31 pairs of spinal nerves
92
Receives and processes sensory input from the skin, muscles, tendons, joints, eyes, tongue, nose and ears
Somatic
93
What are the two subsystems of the peripheral nervous system
Somatic
| Autonomic
94
Excite voluntary contraction of skeletal muscle
Somatic
95
Carry impulses from the central nervous system to glands, various involuntary muscles, cardiac muscle, and membranes
Autonomic
96
Stimulates organs, glands, and senses by stimulating secretions of substances
Autonomic
97
What is autonomic divided into
Sympathetic
| Parasympathetic
98
Operates to keep the body in homeostasis under normal conditions
Parasympathetic
99
Operates when body is under stress
Sympathetic
100
Fight or flight response
Sympathetic
101
Progressive degeneration of neurons in brain
Alzheimer's disease
102
Strokes that affect the neurological system; caused by loss of oxygen
Cerbrovascular accidents
103
Mental incapacitation; genetic disorder caused by presence of an extra chromosome
Down syndrome
104
Inflammation of the brain from a viral infection or spread of infection to brain
Encephalitis
105
Inflammation of the meninges
Meningitis
106
Degeneration of the nerves in the brain
Parkinson's disease
107
Constant pain radiating from the back and buttocks to the leg caused by intervertebral disc decay
Sciatica
108
A defect in the spinal cord in which the cord or its covering protrudes outside the vertebrae
Spina bifida
109
Injury to the brain caused by impact
Concussion
110
An overproduction of CSF in the brain
Hydrocephalus
111
Destruction of the myelin sheath
Multiple sclerosis
112
Cerebral damage during gestation or birth
Cerebral palsy
113
Abnormal conditions in the brain caused by sudden excessive electrical activity
Epilepsy
114
Neurological disfunction
Tourette's
115
Degenerative disease of the motor neurons
Amyotrophic sclerosis or Lou Gehrig's disease
116
Paralysis on one side of body, usually due to a stroke
Hemiplegia
117
Paralysis from waist down, caused by injury
Paraplegia
118
Paralysis from neck down
Quadriplegia
