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Sports Med > Nervous > Flashcards

Nervous Flashcards

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1
Q

Cerebell/o

A

Cerebellum

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2
Q

Cerebr/o

A

Cerebrum, brain

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3
Q

Spin/o

A

Spine, backbone

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4
Q

Intra-

A

Within, inside

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5
Q

Neur/I, neur/o

A

Nerve, nerve tissue

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6
Q

Myel/o

A

Spinal cord, bone marrow

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7
Q

Poly

A

Many

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8
Q

-um

A

Noun ending

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9
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull

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10
Q

-al

A

Pertaining to

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11
Q

Inter-

A

Between, among

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12
Q

Mening/o

A

Membranous, menings

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13
Q

-graphy

A

Process of recording

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14
Q

-itis

A

Inflammation of

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15
Q

Involuntary nerves; maintains heart beat

A

Brain stem

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16
Q

Largest area of the brain

A

Cerebrum

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17
Q

Organic loss of intellectual function

A

Dementia

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18
Q

Convey information to the muscles and glands from the central nervous system

A

Efferent

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19
Q

Sudden pushing force

A

Impulse

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20
Q

Connecting nerves that carry and process sensory information from afferent to efferent nerves

A

Interneurons

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21
Q

3 membranes that surround/protect brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

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22
Q

Chemical messenger, released from axon to neuron

A

Neurotransmitter

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23
Q

Specialization of nerve cell that determines impulse flow

A

Polarity

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24
Q

Involuntary action in response to stimulus

A

Reflex

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25
Q

Voluntary nerves

A

Somatic nervous system

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26
Q

Space between two neurons

A

Synapse

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27
Q

Directs coordination, muscle tone, equilibrium

A

Cerebellum

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28
Q

Fluid contained in brain’s ventricles, intercranial space, central canal of spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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29
Q

Contains hypotheolus/thalamus, regulates ANS, controls hormone secretion

A

Diencephalon

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30
Q

Transient disturbances of brain function

A

Epilepsy

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31
Q

Situated within cranium

A

Intracranial

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32
Q

Insufficient blood to body part caused by functional constriction of blood vessel

A

Ischemia

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33
Q

Radiographs of spinal cord after injection of contrast median

A

Myelography

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34
Q

Nerve cells (highly specialized)

A

Neuron

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35
Q

Inflammation of many nerves at once

A

Polyneuritis

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36
Q

Control center

A

Central nervous system

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37
Q

Any substance or action that produces response

A

Stimulus

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38
Q

What is the function of the nervous system

A

Carry messages from the brain to the rest of the body

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39
Q

Basic element of the nervous system
Highly specialized
Vary in function, shape, and size
Separated by synapses

A

Neurons

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40
Q

Gaps in between each neuron

A

Synapse

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41
Q

Stimulates impulse to jump to next nerve

A

Neurotransmitter

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42
Q

What are the neuron parts

A

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon

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43
Q

Have fibers to reach out to send or receive impulses

A

Cell body

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44
Q

Thin branching extensions of cell body

Conduct nerve impulses to cell body

A

Dendrites

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45
Q

Conducts nerve impulses away from cell body
Covered by a myelin sheath
End of axon has fibers that let the impulse leave the nerve

A

Axon

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46
Q

What are the two basic properties

A

Excitability

Conductivity

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47
Q

Ability to respond to a stimulus

A

Excitability

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48
Q

Ability to transmit a signal

A

Conductivity

49
Q

What are the types of neurons

A

Efferent
Afferent
Interneurons

50
Q

Carry info to muscles and glands from CNS

A

Efferent

51
Q

Carry info from sensory system to CNS

A

Afferent

52
Q

Carry and process sensory information

A

Interneurons

53
Q
  • Support, connect, protect and remove debris
  • Do not transmit impulses
  • Form blood-brain barrier
  • Permits some chemical substances to reach the brains neurons but blocks most others
A

Neuroglias

54
Q

What’s in the central nervous system

A

The brain and the spinal cord

55
Q

What are the functions of the CNS

A
  • Receives and interprets all stimuli
  • Sends nerve impulses to instruct muscles and glands to take over or respond to certain action
  • Causes voluntary and involuntary actions
56
Q

What are the four brain divisions

A

Brainstem
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Diencephalon

57
Q

Brainstem parts

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

58
Q

Visual and auditory reflex

A

Midbrain

59
Q

Controls certain respiratory functions (breathing)

A

Pons

60
Q

Regulates involuntary functions (blood pressures, respiration, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, sneezing)

A

Medulla oblongata

61
Q

Coordinates musculoskeletal movements (posture, balance, muscle tone)

A

Cerebellum

62
Q

2 hemispheres, 4 lobes (largest section)

A

Cerebrum

63
Q

Moral behavior, voluntary motor movement, personality, memory, reasoning, emotion

A

Frontal

64
Q

What are the four lobes

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

65
Q

Controls and interprets senses and taste, understanding speech, choosing words

A

Parietal

66
Q

Memory, equilibrium, emotion, hearing and understanding of speech, memory of music, visual scenes

A

Temporal

67
Q

Vision and interpretation

A

Occipital

68
Q

Deep portion of brain

Relay center for sensations

A

Diencephalon

69
Q

What does the Diencephalon contain

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

70
Q

What does the Diencephalon control

A 
Heart rate
BP
Temp
Water and electrolyte balance
Digestive functions
Glandular activities
71
Q

Fills the area between the brain and the cranium

Watery fluid that contains various compounds

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

72
Q

What is the function of cerebrospinal fluid

A

Cradles and cushions brain

73
Q

Olfactory

A
  1. Smell
74
Q

Optic

A
  1. Vision
75
Q

Oculomotor

A
  1. Pupil size
76
Q

Trochlear

A
  1. Rotate eyes
77
Q

Trigeminal

A
  1. Facial and head sensation
78
Q

Abducens

A
  1. Move eyes laterally
79
Q

Fascial

A
  1. Controls facial expressions and taste
80
Q

Acoustic

A
  1. Hearing and balance
81
Q

Glossopharyngeal

A
  1. Taste and swallowing
82
Q

Vagus

A
  1. Speech and swallowing
83
Q

Spinal accessory

A
  1. Move neck and back muscles
84
Q

Hypoglossal

A
  1. Tongue movement
85
Q

What is the spinal cord protected by?

A

Vertebrae in back
Cerebrospinal fluid
Meninges
Vertebral column

86
Q

Outer layer of meninges

A

Dura mater- tough, fibrous; contains channels for blood to enter brain tissue

87
Q

Middle layer of meninges

A

Arachnoid mater- web like structure

88
Q

Innermost layer of meninges

A

Pia mater- contains blood vessels that nourish spinal cord

89
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

12 Cranial nerves

31 spinal nerves

90
Q

Carry impulses to and from brain

A

12 cranial nerves

91
Q

Carry messages to and from the spinal cord and the torso and extremities of the body

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves

92
Q

Receives and processes sensory input from the skin, muscles, tendons, joints, eyes, tongue, nose and ears

A

Somatic

93
Q

What are the two subsystems of the peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic

Autonomic

94
Q

Excite voluntary contraction of skeletal muscle

A

Somatic

95
Q

Carry impulses from the central nervous system to glands, various involuntary muscles, cardiac muscle, and membranes

A

Autonomic

96
Q

Stimulates organs, glands, and senses by stimulating secretions of substances

A

Autonomic

97
Q

What is autonomic divided into

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

98
Q

Operates to keep the body in homeostasis under normal conditions

A

Parasympathetic

99
Q

Operates when body is under stress

A

Sympathetic

100
Q

Fight or flight response

A

Sympathetic

101
Q

Progressive degeneration of neurons in brain

A

Alzheimer’s disease

102
Q

Strokes that affect the neurological system; caused by loss of oxygen

A

Cerbrovascular accidents

103
Q

Mental incapacitation; genetic disorder caused by presence of an extra chromosome

A

Down syndrome

104
Q

Inflammation of the brain from a viral infection or spread of infection to brain

A

Encephalitis

105
Q

Inflammation of the meninges

A

Meningitis

106
Q

Degeneration of the nerves in the brain

A

Parkinson’s disease

107
Q

Constant pain radiating from the back and buttocks to the leg caused by intervertebral disc decay

A

Sciatica

108
Q

A defect in the spinal cord in which the cord or its covering protrudes outside the vertebrae

A

Spina bifida

109
Q

Injury to the brain caused by impact

A

Concussion

110
Q

An overproduction of CSF in the brain

A

Hydrocephalus

111
Q

Destruction of the myelin sheath

A

Multiple sclerosis

112
Q

Cerebral damage during gestation or birth

A

Cerebral palsy

113
Q

Abnormal conditions in the brain caused by sudden excessive electrical activity

A

Epilepsy

114
Q

Neurological disfunction

A

Tourette’s

115
Q

Degenerative disease of the motor neurons

A

Amyotrophic sclerosis or Lou Gehrig’s disease

116
Q

Paralysis on one side of body, usually due to a stroke

A

Hemiplegia

117
Q

Paralysis from waist down, caused by injury

A

Paraplegia

118
Q

Paralysis from neck down

A

Quadriplegia

Sports Med (20 decks)

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