History of Medicine Flashcards
He revealed that Egyptians recognized a relationship between blood vessels and the heart
1700 BC Edwin Smith Papyrus
What was the embalming process done in Egypt?
Removal of the perishable parts of the body such as the brain, lungs, and intestines to preserve the rest of the body
What subjects did the Egyptians evolve an extensive medical vocabulary and write the first medical texts on?
Effects of injury, diseases, experiments in surgery and pharmacy
Who learned to use splints and bandages with skill?
Egyptians
Early Greek medicine focuses largely on __________
Spiritual beliefs
Who is the Greek god of healing?
Asclepius (his symbol was the snake which later evolved into today’s symbol of health, the caduceus)
How did the Greeks “heal” the psyche?
Worshippers would listen to music and have their dreams interpreted while staying in the temple of Asclepius
What did Greek healers use local vegetation for?
To make ointments and other herbal remedies
What did Hippocrates develop?
Cauterization to prevent hemorrhaging
Doctors of the Middle Ages believed disease, illness, and death was caused by ___________ _________ ________
Demons, God, and magic
What were physicians required by law to do by the end of the 1500s?
Calculate the position of the moon before carrying out complicated medical procedures
A process of draining the blood to relieve the body of disease
Bloodletting
How did doctors commonly assess a person to treat their ailments?
They looked at their bodily fluids because Greeks thought the body’s blood, phlegm, and bile had an influence on the disease
Doctor’s examination of urine to determine color, odor, density, and content is called what?
Uroscopy
How many layers was it thought that uroscopies had?
4; cloudiness at the top indicated a disease of the head, and bottom layer indicated bladder disorder
This was performed to release the body of “spirits” of people suffering from fractures, epilepsy, migraines, and depression
Trephination; no drugs were needed because the scalp is insensitive to pain, surgery lasted anywhere from 30 minutes to several hours, and half the people lived
Who is the father of medicine?
Hint: 460-377 BC
Hippocrates; he did cranial surgery and cataract operations to faint sounds of the chest when pleurisy was present
He was a Greek from Asia Minor and his work lasted about 1400 years. He was very egotistical tho and thought evil spirits lived in the blood stream. His reign came to an end with the Renaissance
Galen
Who wrote over 125 volumes on the movement of muscle and nerves and documented the importance of the spinal cord (83 volumes still exist)
Galen 129-210 AD
16th century Swiss healer who was known as the father of anesthesia
Theophrastus Bombastus van Hohenheim (1493-1541)
He taught at the university of Basel and started his first lecture by burning all of Galen’s books. Also did something with lung ailments of miners
Theophrastus Bombastus van Hohenheim aka Paracelsius (he claimed he was superior to Celsius)
From Belgium, concluded that Galen’s work was imperfect by dissecting a dead body, studied in Paris, and was a professor at the university of Padua by age 23
Andreas Vesalius 1514-1564
Wrote the greatest medical book ever written
Andreas Vesalius (it was called the fabric of the human body)
Father and son team of Dutch Spectacle makers that devised a microscope in 1590 (it eventually led to Galileo’s telescope and seeing craters on the moon)
Hans and Zacharias Janssen
