Nerve Tissue

Question 1

What are the supporting cells in the CNS?

Answer 1

oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

Question 2

what are the supporting cells in the PNS?

Answer 2

schwann cells, satellite cells

Question 3

whats another name for the neurons cell body

Answer 3

Soma or perikaryon

Question 4

what are the most common neurons in the nervous system?

Answer 4

interneurons (type II golgi) 99.9%

Question 5

what does anterograde need?

Answer 5

kinesin

Question 6

what does retrograde need?

Answer 6

dynein

Question 7

what are the two types of astrocytes?

Answer 7

protoplasmic and fibrous

Question 8

where do you find protoplasmic astrocytes?

Answer 8

gray matter

Question 9

where do you find fibrous astrocytes?

Answer 9

white matter

Question 10

What is myasthenia gravis do?

Answer 10

autoimmune attack on Ach receptors and block them = weakness

Question 11

What happens in Guillan Barre syndrome

Answer 11

PNS disease, nerve fibers have lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells
loss of muscle coordination and cutaneous sensation

Question 12

what is MS?

Answer 12

destruction of oligodendrocytes, 1) plaque 2) increase astrocytes 3) decrease cellularity

Question 13

what are islands of gray matter? Where are they found?

Answer 13

nuclei - in deep cerebellum and cerebrum

Question 14

what are acervuli? Where are they found?

Answer 14

calcified granules found in choroid plexus

Question 15

blood supply to arachnoid mater

Answer 15

avascular! - but the others are vascular

Question 16

What does the choroid plexus do? Where is it found?

Answer 16

produces CSF and is found in the lateral, 3rd and 4th ventricle

Question 17

what layers of the cerebrum are pyramidal cells found?

Answer 17

III and V (external and internal respectively)

Question 18

what are the 3 layers of gray matter in the cerebellum?

Answer 18

molecular layer (stellate cells and basket cells)
purkinje cell layer
granular layer (granule cells and type II golgi)

Question 19

what is unique about the purkinje cell layer in the cerebellum?

Answer 19

its dendrites arborize in molecular layer and the axon extends to granule layer

Question 20

what is in the endoneurium? How are those produced?

Answer 20

reticular cells produced by schwann cells

Question 21

what is unique about the perineurium?

Answer 21

tight junctions, cells are contractile

Question 22

where are pseudo unipolar neurons found and how do they appear in ganglia?

Answer 22

sensory ganglia - larger and close together

Question 23

where do multipolar neurons occur and how do they appear in ganglia?

Answer 23

autonomic ganglia - small and far apart

Question 24

what are the features of the BBB? - junctional complex, basal lamina, structure

Answer 24

tight junctions between endothelium, continuous basal lamina, surrounded by foot processes of astrocytes, no fenestrations in cytoplasmic membrane

Question 25

where are the areas where BBB do not exist?

Answer 25

neurohypophysis, substantia nigra, locus ceruleus

Question 26

what is wallerian degeneration

Answer 26

anterograde - degren of axon distal to injury
PNS - few days
CNS - few weeks
retrograde can occur - only extends a few internodal segments

Question 27

what is chromatolysis?

Answer 27

loss of Nissl - 1 - 2 days after an injury