Digestive Glands 1 - Salivary glands, pancreas Flashcards
What do the parotid glands acini consist of? where is nucleus? any specializations?
serous cells
basal nucleus and an apical cytoplasms with scretaory granules
what are the parotid glands secretory granules found on the cytoplasm rich with?
proline-rich proteins
enzymes = amylase, peroidase, lysozyme)
proteins with antimicrobial activity = cystatins and hystatins
what extrinsic gland has the largest intercalated ducts?
the parotid gland
are there visibile myoepithelial cells in the parotid gland?
yes, periphery of each acinus
what type of gland is parotid gland classified as?
serous, compound, tubuloalveolar
what type of gland is the sublingual gland classified as?
mixed (mostly mucous), compound, tubuloalveolar
what type of glands are sublingual glands
mixed serous and muscous
what glands predominate in sublingual glands?
mucous cells - there are some seromucous cells
how are intercalated and striated ducts in sublingual gland?
poorly developed
how does the nucleus appear in mucous cells?
flattened against the basal plasma membrane
what occupies the apical surface of mucous cells?
mucin-filled secretory vesicles
what do mucous cells secrete?
high glycosylated mucins = contribute to the formation of the protective pellicle film
what type of gland is the submandibular gland classified as?
mixed, compound, tubuloalveolar
what type of glands can you find in submandibular gland?
mixed seromucous and serous acini are found!
what is uncommon as far as glands in the submandibular gland?
pure mucous acini
what do the intercalated ducts and striated ducts look like in submandibular gland?
intercalated duct = short
striated ducts = long and evident
what do the mucous cells in the submandibular gland secret?
glycosylated mucins rich in sialic acid and sulfate = lubricate hard tissue surfaces = forming thin protective pellicle
how does saliva control bascterial flora?
by presence of lysozyme
lactoferrin
IgA
the exocrine function of the pancrease is served by what?
acinar cells
centroacinar cells
intercalated ducts
what is primary secretion?
saliva secreted by acini - resembles extra cellular fluid
what is final secretion?
intercalated ducts may deliver bicarb into saliva striated ducts (via Na pump) remove sodium and cloride from luminal fluid and pump potassium into it
is saliva hypertonic or hypotonic?
hypotonic - refers to a solution with a comparatively lower concentration of solutes compared to another - it swells
what do the acinar cells of the pancreas secrete?
digesive enzymes - duct cells supply the alkaline buffer solution
what comprises the endocrine portion of the pancreas?
islet of langerhans
what are islets of langerhans
highly vascularized
spherical aggregates of cells
encased by reticular fibers
5 types of cells makes up islets
what part of the pancreas contains the highest concentration of endocrine tissue (islets of langerhans)?
tail!
the exocrine pancreas is what classification of glands?
purely serous, compound tubuloalveolar gland
whats unique about the acini cells of exocrine pancreas?
they are serous, their center contain centroacinar cells = form beginning of the duct system
what do intercellular canaliculi in the exocrine pancreas do?
lead from between acinar cells to the lumen of the acinus
what is teh apical region of the exocrine pancreas acinar cells packed with?
secretory granules - zymogen granules
what does the centroacinar cells lack compared to acinar cell?
lacks secretory granules and tehre is scarce rER
what is not present in exocrine pancreas?
myoepithelial cells
striated ducts
what are centroacinar cells continuous with?
intercalated ducts
what does the pancreatic duct do?
delivers pancreatic secretions into the duodenum at teh papilla ofvater
what does APUD mean?
Amine - for high amine content.
Precursor Uptake - for high uptake of (amine) precursors.
Decarboxylase - for high content of the enzyme amino acid decarboxylase (for conversion of precursors to amines).
what two hormones control the release of pancreatic secretions?
CCK and secretin
what cells make up the islets of langerhans?
alpha cells
beta cells
delta 1 cells
others - C, E, G, and PP cells
where are alpha cells located on IOL? what do they produce
periphery - have granules produce glucagon (elecvated BGL)
where are beta cells located on IOL? what do they produce
majority - occupy most of the center of each islet
have granules - smaller than alpha cells
produce insulin (lower BGL)
where are delta 1 cells located on IOL? what do they produce
less common -
has large granules
produce somatostatin (controls the release of insulin and glucagon - reducing the volume of alkaline rich pancreatic juice)
what do C cells represent?
immature /degranulated islet cells
what do PP cels produce?
release pancreatic polypeptide - reduce the relase of both enzyme rich and alkaline rich pancreatic secretions
what do g cells release?
gastin - release HCL from parietal cells
