Clinical Consideration - Blood Flashcards
Define anisocytosis
RBCs are unequal sizes - can be detected in peripheral smears
can signify conditions = anemia and thalassemia
Define poikilocytosis
refers to the presence of piokilocytes in the blood
poikilocytes are RBC with distorted shape due to membrane abnormalities or traumatic conditions
if there is more than 10% of poikilocytes in total population = piokilocytosis
Define anemia
decrease in Hb concentration in blood for the age/sex of indiviaul
what are the 6 types of anemia? What do each do?
iron deficiency- lack of absorption/loss of iron
pernicious - lack of intrinsic factor for B12 absorptions (gastric atrophy)
hemorrhagic - loss of RBCs due to bleeding (ulcer)
hemolytic - defects in cell membrane cause rupture
thalassemia - hereditary deficiency of Hb
aplastic - destruction of bone marrow (radiation/toxins)
What are the common symptoms of anemia?
weakness/tired feeling
light headedness
palpitations
SOB
What is autosplenectomy?
complication of sickle cell disease
the spleen kills itself because it can’t handle the multiple infarcts = increases the risk of infection
What is Cooleys anemia
Cooley’s anemia is a rare, life-threatening blood disorder that requires regular transfusions and extensive medical care. The condition is inherited, which means that people with the disease received variant genes from both parents. Severe symptoms generally appear by age two and include dark urine, abnormal facial bones, and poor growth. Aside from transfusions, the condition can also be treated with a bone marrow transplant.
How is hereditary spherocytosis caused?
cause by a variety of molecular defects in the genes that code for spectrin, ankyrin, band 3 and band 4
these proteins are important for the normal shape of an RBC
when deformed = spherical shape
what is always compared in blood cross matching?
donors blood cells (RBCs) to receipeints plasma (serum)
what is RH system?
inherited independent of ABO system
what is RH positive?
antigen present on RBCs (and no antibodies)
where do Rh antibodies develop?
only in Rh - blood types and only with exposure to antigen
what does RhoGam do?
it binds to the fetal blood that leaked into mommy.
it removes the binded fetal blood before the mother can react to it
what is special about HbA1c?
it binds irreversibly to glucose
what is hemophilia?
spontaneous bleeding or after any minor trauma - nose bleeds, blood in urine, joint bleeding
