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Histology > Clinical Considerations V > Flashcards

Clinical Considerations V Flashcards

1
Q

what is the defect in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

A

defect in the gene coding for protein = dystrophin

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2
Q

what is the function of dystrophin?

A

links actin cytoskeleton of muscle to external lamina

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3
Q

what is Myasthenia Gravis?

A

there are ACh receptor antibodoes which block/attach ACh receptors int eh postsynpatic membrane of the NMJ

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4
Q

What happens during bronchial asthma?

A

smooth muscle thickening(hypertrophy and hyperplasia) - decrease lumen diameter = wheezing

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5
Q

what is Myocardial ischemia?

A

decreased blood flow to heart muscle - involving coronary a.

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6
Q

what causes myocardial ischemia

A

atherosclerosis

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7
Q

what is myocardial infarction?

A

necrotic cardiac msucle after ischmia

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8
Q

what do you see in histo slides of myocardial infarction?

A

vascularization bringing macrophages in for phagocytosis of the myocytes - clean up — then fibrosis!

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9
Q

what is Guillain Barre Syndrome?

A

PNS demyelinating disease

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10
Q

what is Multiple Sclerosis?

A

CNS demyelinating disease

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11
Q

what is the role of astrocytes?

A

role in regulating tight junctions of BBB

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12
Q

what happens in astrocytoma?

A

in CNS - astrocytes proliferate to form scar tissue
large presence of glial fibrillary acdici protein (GFAP)
valuable markers?

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13
Q

what is a hiatal hernia?

A

herniation of stomach thought the esophagus hiatus into the thoracic cavity
Types - sliding (95%) and paraesophageal hernia (5%)

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14
Q

what are the potential consequences of GERD?

A

heart burn, esophagitis, BARRETTS ESOPHAGUS and esophageal cancer

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15
Q

barretts esophagus is what…

A

pre cancerous condition

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16
Q

what is a peptic ulcer?

A

eats away at stomach lining - can be superficial or deep (perforate stomach)

17
Q

what is another name for congenital megacolon?

A

Hirchsprung Disease

18
Q

what is the cause of congential megacolon (Hirchsprung disease)?

A

faulty migration of neural crest cells

-lack of myenteric plexus = no peristalsis = constipation HARDCORE

19
Q

what is a complication of esophageal varices (portal hypertension)?

A

bleeding - hematemesis

20
Q

what is a complication of hemorrhoids?

A

bleeding

21
Q

what happens in hemorrhoids and esophgeal varices?

A

veins of submucosa get dilated and tortuous and project into lumen

22
Q

what is acute pancreatitis?

A

sudden inflammation of pancreas

80% are caused by gallstone and alcohol

23
Q

what happens when there is a blockage of the pancreatic duct by a gallstone in the sphincter of oddi?

A

stops the flow fo pancreatic fluid

24
Q

what is cirrhosis of the liver?

A

fibrous liver - first its fatty then necrosis then fibrosis

25
Q

where does the fibrosis come from?

A

Glissons capule fibrous CT migrated into the lobules and give it the fibrotic appearance

Histology (21 decks)

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