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Histology > GI Tract I & II > Flashcards

GI Tract I & II Flashcards

1
Q

what is the digestive system made of?

A

alimentary canal and associated organs (tongue.. teeth etc.)

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2
Q

what does the sulcus terminalis do?

A

divides the tongue into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3

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3
Q

what do extrinsic tongue muscles do?

A

attach tongue to other structures

move the entire tongue

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4
Q

what do the intrinsic tongue muscles do?

A

alters the shape of the tongue

good for speech and swallowing

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5
Q

what are the 4 types of lingual papillae?

A

filliform, fungiform, circumvallate, foliate

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6
Q

what are the 3 types of cells found in taste buds?

A

neuroepithelial cells, supporting cells, basal cells

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7
Q

which stimuli use G protein coupled chemosensory receptors with IP3?

A

bitter, sweet and umami

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8
Q

which stimuli use H+ protons as receptors?

A

sour

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9
Q

which stimuli use Na+ ions as receptors?

A

salt

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10
Q

what makes up the mucosa?

A

epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

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11
Q

what does the lamina propria usually contain?

A

loose CT
blood and lymph vessels
mucosal glands
GALT

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12
Q

what does the muscularis mucosae usually have?

A

2 layers
inner = circular
outer = longitudinal

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13
Q

what is found usually in the submucosa?

A

dense irregular CT
large blood and lymphatic vessels
sometimes glands
submucosal plexus = Meissner’s plexus

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14
Q

what does Meissner’s plexus innervate? where is it found?

A

muscularis mucosae = innervation

submucosa = location

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15
Q

what are the 4 layers that make up the alimentary canal?

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa/adventitia

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16
Q

whats usually in the muscularis externa layer?

A

inner layer = circular = forms sphincters
outer layer = longitudinal
myenteric plexus = Auerbach’s plexus

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17
Q

where is Auerbach’s plexus found? What does it innervate?

A

found in between circular and longitudinal layer of muscularis externa and it innervated the muscularis externa for peristalsis

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18
Q

Where is serosa commonly found?

A

mesothelium

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19
Q

what parts of the GI tract do NOT have a serosa but DO have adventitia?

A

esophagus (thoracic)
2nd, 3rd, 4th part of duodenum
asending and descending colon
rectum and anal canal

20
Q

what is special about the submucosa of the esophagus?

A

esophageal glands proper is there = slightly acidic mucous to lub. lumen - can ID huge duct

21
Q

whats special about the esophagus mucosa?

A

it has esophageal cardiac glands that produce neutral mucous to protect regurg of gastric juices

22
Q

what is special about the musclaris externa of the esophagus?

A

upper 1/3 is straited
middle 1/3 is both smootha nd striated
lower 1/3 is smooth

23
Q

what is a distinguishing feature of the duodenum?

A

submucosal gland = Brunner’s glands - secrete a highly alkaline msolution to neutralize acidic chyme coming from stomach

24
Q

whats a distinguishing feature of the jejunum?

A

many plicae circulars
long prominent villi
increase in amount of goblet cells
NO submucosal GLANDS

25
Q

What is a distinguishing feature of the ileum?

A

aggregated nodules of lymphatic tissue in lamina propria of mucosa
peyer’s patches- very many in ileum

26
Q

what are the distinctive features of the Large intestine?

A

TC, HC, OM

27
Q

what is different about the mucosa of the large intestine?

A

its smooth - no villi, no plicae circularis

28
Q

what is a distinguishing feature of the appendix?

A

numerous lymphatic nodules that extend into submucosa

29
Q

does the rectum have serosa or adventitia?

A

adventitia

30
Q

what are the 3 zones of the anal canal?

A 
colorectal zone (CRZ) - simple columbar epi
anal transition zone (ATZ) - transition epi
squamous zone (SQZ) - stratified squamous epi
31
Q

How are amino acids absorbed?

A

Secondary active transport

Majority are Na+ dependent

32
Q

How are carbohydrates absorbed?

A

SGLT -1 transporter - secondary active transport , Na dependent
GLUT transporter - facilitated transport

33
Q

How are lipids absorbed?

A

Diffusion

34
Q

what lingual papillae has highly keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, has no taste buds and works to grip food?

A

filliform - looks like a flame

35
Q

where are fungiform found and where are their taste buds located?

A 
tip of the tongue
taste buds (if any) on dorsal surface
36
Q

which lingual papillae has von ebners glands?

A

circumvallate - has moat like invaginations, largest

37
Q

where are circumvallates located?

A

just anterior to sulcus terminalis

38
Q

what are the characteristics of cardiac glands? - pits, glands, cells

A

short pits short glands

enteroendocrine and mucous secreting cells

39
Q

what are the characteristics of pyloric glands? - pits, glands, cells

A

long pits, short glands

enteroendocrine, mucous secreting and parietal

40
Q

what are the characteristics of the fundic glands - pits, glands, cells

A 
short pit, long gland
mucous neck cells
enteroendocrine cells
parietal
chief 
stem
41
Q

what is an intestinal gland?

A

crypts of leiberkauhn

42
Q

what do enterocytes do?

A

absorption
simple columnar - Mv, tight junctions, lateral plications
secretory - dig enzymes, water, electrolytes

43
Q

what do paneth cells do?

A

antimicrobial secretions

44
Q

what do M cells do?

A

cover large lymph nodules, antigen transporting cells

45
Q

what are the components of gastric juice?

A

HCL, pepsin, mucous and intrinsic factor

Histology (21 decks)

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