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Histology > Bone II > Flashcards

Bone II Flashcards

1
Q

what does the endosteum line? what does it contain?

A

marrow cavity
volkmann’s canal
haversian canal

contains osteogenic cells

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2
Q

what are the two was bone develops?

A

intramembranous bone formation

endochondrial bone formation

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3
Q

what is intramembraneous bone formation?

A

development within layer of condensed mesechyme

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4
Q

what is endochondrial bone formation?

A

occurs via a cartilage model that is replaced by bone

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5
Q

what kind of bone is always formed first? followed by what?

A

primary

secondary - slower remodeling

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6
Q

how does intramembraneous bone formation begin?

A

when mesechymal cells condense to form a primary ossification center — osteoblasts differentiate and begin secreting osteoid

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7
Q

what happens when osteoblasts become trapped in their own matrix (osteoid)?

A

they become osteocytes

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8
Q

what is the name given to bone that is formed in the priamry ossification center of IBF?

A

bone trabecular (fused spicules)

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9
Q

as the trabeculae join together what forms?

A

spongy bone

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10
Q

what happens at the same time blood vessels invade the area?

A

undifferentiaed mesechymal cells give rise to bone marrow cells

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11
Q

what fuses together to form bone?

A

ossification centers

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12
Q

what kinds of bone are formed by intramembraneous bone formation?

A

flat bones of the skill

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13
Q

what are the five hstiologically distinctive zones starting from the epiphyseal side of the plate?

A 
zone of reserve cartilage
zone of cell proliferation
zone of cell maturation and hypertrophy
zone of calcifying cartilage
zone of provisional ossification
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14
Q

what is the zone of reserve cartilage?

A

cartilage with small randomly arranged inactive chondrocytes

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15
Q

what is zone of proliferation>

A

rapid mitotic division give rise to rows of cartilage cells

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16
Q

what is the zone of cell matruation and hypertrophy?

A

chrondrocytes are greatly enlarged and contain glycogen and the cartilage maxtric between neighboring cells becomes thin

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17
Q

what is the zone of calcifying cartilage?

A

lacunae confluent and the remnants of interlacunar matrices become calcified, causing chondrocytic death

18
Q

what is the zone of provisional ossification?

A

bone is beginning to be elaborated upon the calcified cartilage, and osteolytic activaty begins to resorb the calcified bone calfiedi cartilage complex

19
Q

what two things do not undergo ossification and why?

A

periosteium and endosteum

develop from portions of the mesechymal layer that do not under ossification

20
Q

how are long bones formed?

A

endochondrial bone formation

21
Q

how does endochondrial bone formation begin?

A

a segment of hyaline cartilage serves as a model for bone

22
Q

what are the two stages of endochondrial bone formation?

A

development of
primary ossification center
seconadary ossification center

23
Q

where does the primary ossification center develop?

A

midriff of the diaphysis

24
Q

what is teh periosteum?

A

vascularization of the perichondrium = osteoprogenitor cells –> osteoblasts

25
Q

how is the subperiosteal bone collar formed?

A

osteoblasts secrete matrix deep to perichondrium via intramembraneous bone formation

26
Q

what happens to the chondrocytes qwithin the core of the cartilaginous model?

A

undergo hypertrophy and degen. = forming marrow space

27
Q

what is in the periosteal bud?

A

blood vessels
osteoprogenitor cells
mesenchymal cells

28
Q

where do secondary ossification centers develop?

A

epihysis

29
Q

what occupys howships lacunae?

A

osteoclasts - multinucleated

30
Q

what are monocyte precursors?

A

osteoclasts

31
Q

the inner layer of teh periosteum possesses what?

A

osteoprogenitor cells

32
Q

what is teh outer periosteum?

A

fibrous

33
Q

what is the function of the periosteum?

A

to distribute blood vessels to bone - apposition growth!

34
Q

how do osteocytes communicate with eachother?

A

through gap junctions on proceses that extend through canaliculi

35
Q

what will a diet deificny in calcium lad to?

A

fragile bones

36
Q

what does excessive growth hormone cause?

A

acromegaly

37
Q

what does excessive vitamin D cause?

A

bone resorption

38
Q

what will an excess or deficinecy in vit A leads to (extremes)?

A

short stature - epiphyseal plates closing early

39
Q

what does hypervitaminosis A do?

A

accelerate ossification of epithyseal plates

40
Q

what does hypovitaminosis A do?

A

reduce the width of the epiphyseal plates

41
Q

what happens in the absence of vitamin D?

A

epiphyseal chondrocytes continue to proliferate but matrix does not calcify – increase osteoid - unmineralized = rickets

42
Q

what are the primary manufacturerrs of collagen in long bones?

A

osteoblasts

Histology (21 decks)

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