Nephrotic syndrome Flashcards
What is nephrotic syndrome?
Triad of
- proteinuria >3g/24 hours
- hypoalbuminaemia <30
- oedema
What is minimal change disease?
Most common cause nephrotic syndrome in children and young adults
What can cause minimal change disease?
Hodgkin
NSAIDs
hat is the presentation of minimal change disease?
Sudden onset oedema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia
What is the management for minimal change disease?
High dose steroids with slow taper once in remission
Immunosuppression for relapses
What is the prognosis for minimal change disease?
Relapses but overall good
What is membranous glomerulonephritis?
Thickened but leaky glomerular membrane
What causes membranous glomerulonephritis?
Infection
RA
MAlignancy
What is the presentation of membranous glomerulonephritis?
Oedema
Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminaemia
CKD
What is the management of membranous glomerulonephritis?
Immunosuppression if symptomatic
What causes focal segmental glomerulonephritis?
Idiopathic
Secondary to HIV
What is the presentation of focal segmental glomerulonephritis?
Proteiuria
Oedema
Hypoalbuminaemia
CKD
What is the prognosis for focal segmental glomerulonephritis?
High chance of progression to end stage kidney disease
What is the most common cause of end stage kidney disease?
Diabetic nephropathy
How is diabetic nephropathy diagnosed?
> 10 years diabetes with albuminuria and/or reduced GFR without signs or symptoms of other primary cause of kidney damage
What is the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy?
Small vessel disease –> mesangial expansion, glomerular basement membrane thickening and damage
Bowman’s capsule adheres to glomerulus
What is the presentation of diabetic nephropathy?
Nocturia Proteinuria Hypoalbuminaemia Oedema Poor diabetic control Hypertension
What is the management of diabetic nephropathy?
ACEi
Glycaemic control
What are some causes of nephrotic syndrome?
Diabetic nephropathy Amyloidosis Focal segmental glomerulonephritis Membranous glomerulonephritis Minimal change disease
