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Renal AM > AKI > Flashcards

AKI Flashcards

1
Q

What is AKI?

A

Reduction in renal function following insult to the kidneys

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2
Q

How is AKI defined?

A

Any 1 of

  • increase in serum creatinine
  • —by >26.5 in 48 hours OR
  • —to 1.5x baseline, known or assumed in last 7 days
  • urine volume <0.5ml/kg/hr
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3
Q

What are the 3 most common causes of AKI?

A

Dehydration
Sepsis
Nephrotoxic drugs

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4
Q

What are 3 pre renal causes of AKI?

A

ISchaemia
Hypovolaemia
Heart failure

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5
Q

What are the renal causes of AKI?

A 
Toxins
Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute tubular necrosis= most common renal cause
Acute interstitial nephritis
Rhabdomyelosis
Tumour lysis syndrome
Multiple myeloma
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6
Q

What are the post renal causes of AKI?

A 
Calculi
Clot
Malignancy
Stricture
Fibrosis
Prostate disease
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7
Q

What toxins can cause AKI?

A 
ACEi
NSAIDs
Diuretics
Some antibiotics- esp gentamicin, penicillin
Radiocontrast
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8
Q

What are the risk factors for AKI?

A 
CKD
Other organ failure
Previous AKI
Nephrotoxic drugs
>75 yo
Sepsis
Major surgery
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9
Q

How is AKI prevented?

A

Prompt treatment of possible causes
Optimise and monitor volume status and U&Es
Avoid potential toxins, esp where kidney function is already decreased

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10
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of AKI?

A 
Early= asymptomatic
Signs and symptoms relating to cause
Uraemia= fatigue, loss of appetite, headache, N&amp;V
BP changes
Arrythmia
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11
Q

What investigations are done for AKI?

A

FBC, U&Es, LFTs
ABG
Urinalysis
Renal US

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12
Q

What are the management principles of AKI?

A

Supportive
Treat complications
Dialysis if necessary

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13
Q

What supportive care if given in AKI?

A

Fluid balance
Stop nephrotoxic drugs
Treat cause

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14
Q

What is an important complication to recognise and treat in AKI?

A

Hyperkalaemia

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15
Q

How is hyerkalaemia in AKI managed?

A

Stabilise myocardium- IV calcium gluconate
Shift K+= salbutamol, insulin-dextrose
Dialysis
Diuresis

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16
Q

What are he indications are dialysis in AKI?

A 
Acisosis
Electrolyte imbalance
Toxins
Overload
Altered mental status
Pericarditis
Unexplained bleeding
17
Q

What are the immediate complications in AKI?

A 
Acidosis
Electrolyte imbalance
Toxins
Overload
Uraemia

Renal AM (15 decks)

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