Nephritic syndrome Flashcards
What are the general features of nephritic syndrome?
Haematuria and hypertension
What are some types of nephritic syndrome?
Crescentic glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy
Alport syndrome
Lupus nephritis
What is crescentic glomerulonephritis?
Rapid loss of renal function associated with formation of epithelial crescents in majority of glomeruli
What can cause crescentic glomerulonephritis?
Goodpasture’s syndrome
Vasculitis
What is the presentation of crescentic glomerulonephritis?
Generally unwell, often AKI
Nephritic syndrome- haematuria with red cell casts, light proteinuria, hypertension, oliguria
Features specific to cause
What features specific to cause might be present in crescentic glomerulonephritis?
Goodpasture’s= haemoptysis
Granulomatosis w polyangitis- sinusitis, rash
What is the management of crescentic glomerulonephritis?
Cyclophosphamide
Immunosuppression
Fatal if untreated
What is IgA nepohropathy?
Most common cause of glomerulonephritis
IgA deposition causing increased proliferation of mesangial cells and clogging of tubes
What is IgA nephropathy associated with?
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Coeliac
Henoch-Schonlein purpura aka IgA vasculitis (rash and bruises)
What is the usually presentation of IgA nephropathy?
Macroscopic haematuria in young person 1-2 days post URTI
What investigations are done for IgA nephropathy?
Urinalysis- haematuria and very little proteinuria
What is the management of IgA nephropathy?
Corticosteroids
Supportive
What is the prognosis for IgA nephropathy?
Usually self-limiting
What is Alport syndrome?
Genetc disorder characterised by glomerulonephritis, hearing loss and eye changes
What are the presenting features of Alport syndrome?
Early haematuria
Late proteinuria
Hearing loss
Eye changes- less common
