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Renal AM > CKD > Flashcards

CKD Flashcards

1
Q

What is CKD?

A

Presence of kidney damage detectable on bloods, XR or in urine, or GFR <60, present for >3 months

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2
Q

How many stage of CKD are there?

A

5

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3
Q

What is stage 1 CKD?

A

GFR >90

Kidney damage but normal GFR

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4
Q

What is stage 2 CKD?

A

GFR 60-89

Kidney damage with mild reduction of GFR

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5
Q

What is stage 3 CKD?

A

GFR 30-59

Moderate impairment

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6
Q

What is stage 4 CKD?

A

GFR 15-29

Severe impairment

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7
Q

What is stage 5 CKD?

A

GFR <15

Advanced, requires dialysis

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8
Q

What are the common causes of CKD?3

A

Diabetic nephropathy
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Hypertension

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9
Q

What are the less common causes of CKD?4

A

Chronic pyelonephritis
Adult polycystic kidney disease
Systemic disease- sarcoid, vascular

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10
Q

What are the early symptoms of CKD?

A

Asymptomatic

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11
Q

What is the presentation of CKD?

A

Hypertension
Fluid overload
Uraemia- fatigue, N&V, headache
Sexual dysfunction
Hyperkalaemia- muscle pain and weakness, arrhythmia
Hyperphosphataemia
Hypocalcaemia- fractures, muscle spasms, numbness

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12
Q

What investigations should be done for CKD?

A

FBC, U&Es, LFTs, Ca, phosphate, protein and albumin, antibodies
ABG if unwell
Urinalysis- dipstick, protein creatinine ratio, albumin creatinine radio
US
XR
CT/MRI
Renal biopsy

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13
Q

What are the principles of management of CKD?

A

Slow rate of renal decline
Manage symptoms
Manage complications

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14
Q

How is the rate of renal decline in CKD slowed?

A

Reverse contributing factors e.g. hypertension, hyperglycaemia
Control BP and proteinuria

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15
Q

How is acidosis managed?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

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16
Q

How is bone disease managed?

A

Reduce dietary phosphate
Phosphate binders
Vit D

17
Q

How id electrolyte imbalance managed?

A

Diet

Consider drugs

18
Q

How is fluid overload managed?

A

Salt and fluid restriction

Diuretics

19
Q

What are the complications of CKD?

A 
Anaemia
Acidosis
Bone disease
CV disease
Death/dialysis
Electrolyte imbalance
Fluid overload
Gout
Hypertension

Renal AM (15 decks)

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