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Renal AM > Nephrolithiasis > Flashcards

Nephrolithiasis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of kidney stone?

A

Calcium oxalate

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2
Q

What are the common types of kidney stone?

A

Calcium oxalate
Calcium phosphate
Uric acid

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3
Q

What are the less common kidney stones?

A

Cystine
Struvite
Xanthine

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4
Q

What stones are radiolucent?

A

Xanthine

Uric acid= semi opaque/radiolucent

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5
Q

What type of kidney stones form stag horn stones?

A

Struvite

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6
Q

What type of stones are associated with malignancy?

A

Uric acid

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7
Q

What are the common locations to find kidney stones?

A

Ureteropelvic junction
Crossing of iliac vessels
Ureterovesical junction

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8
Q

What are the risk factors for kidney stones?

A 
Chronic dehydration
Diet
Obesity
FH
Malignancy
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9
Q

What is the presentation of kidney stones?

A

Renal colic- radiating to groin, 10/10
Dysuria, frequency and urgency
HAematuria
Pyrexia

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10
Q

What investigations are done for kidney stones?

A

MSSU urinalysis and culture- haematuria
Bloods- FBC, U&Es, creatinine, Ca, urate
CT KUB
Stone analysis

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11
Q

What is the management of stones <5mm?

A

Usually pass spontaneously

General measures- hydration, analgesia, anti-emetics

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12
Q

What is the management of stones <20mm in non pregnant?

A

Lithotripsy- often ineffective for cystine stones

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13
Q

What is the management of stone <20mm in pregnant women?

A

Ureteroscopy

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14
Q

What is th management of stones that are >20mm, complex, staghorn, in those with anatomical abnormalities or obstruction?

A

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

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15
Q

What is the management of acute upper urinary tract obstruction?

A

Nephrostomy

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16
Q

What analgesia is used for kidney stones?

A

IM diclofenac

17
Q

What are the complications of kidney stones?

A

Infection
Hydronephrosis
Bleeding
Ureteric injury

Renal AM (15 decks)

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