Mycoses minus Basic

Question 1

tinea versicolor

features / org

Answer 1

causes hypopigmented areas of skin
tends to recur
permanent cure is difficult
live on keratinized structures

epidermophyton
trichophyton
microsporum

Question 2

tinea versicolor

pathogenesis

Answer 2

(all cutaneous)
biproducts of fungi metabolism go into tissues and cause inflammation and vesicles around lesion
ring worm (dry scaly inside, red inflam blisters outside)
infection of hair shaft or nails -> thickening, discoloring

Question 3

tinea versicolor

transmission

Answer 3

direct contact (wrestling)
contact with pets
chronic in warm/moist areas of body

Question 4

sporotrichosis, “rose gardner disease”

features / org

Answer 4

grows on soil and decaying vegetation

sporotrix schenckii

Question 5

sporotrichosis, “rose gardner disease”

pathogenesis

Answer 5

granulomas (may be painless, last years, hard to eliminate)

HIV patients can disseminate

Question 6

sporotrichosis, “rose gardner disease”

transmission

Answer 6

thorn-caused trauma (while gardening)

Question 7

coccidioides, “valley fever”

features / org

Answer 7

dimorphic (mold in soil, yeast in host)

coccidioides immitans

Question 8

coccidioides, “valley fever”

pathogenesis

Answer 8

20% inhaled goes into organs
“desert bump” granuloma under skin
inhaled -> lungs -> “valley fever”
water dries, spores produced, inhaled, lungs, yeast cell replication and surrounded by chitin cell wall, hard to destroy by immune system, granulomas

Question 9

coccidioides, “valley fever”

transmission

Answer 9

inhalation of spores close to water
in CA, AZ, NM, TX, northern mexico
increased when earthquake, at end of summer
firefighters at risk
increased in filipinos and african americans

Question 10

histoplasma

features / org

Answer 10

dimorphic (mold in soil, yeast in host)
intracellular (only one)
pneumonia possible

histoplasma capsulatum

Question 11

histoplasma

pathogenesis

Answer 11

inhalation, lungs, macrophages in liver and spleen
cause granulomas in immunocompromised
HIV patients can disseminate

Question 12

histoplasma

transmission

Answer 12

inhalation of soil spores
in river valleys (ohio, mississippi)
contaminated soil with bat guano
spelunkers at risk

Question 13

blastomycosis

features / org

Answer 13

dimorphic (mold in soil, yeast in host)

blastomyces dermatitides

Question 14

blastomycosis

pathogenesis

Answer 14

granulomas in lung
HIV patients can disseminate
some in skin, genitals, upper resp tract

Question 15

blastomycosis

transmission

Answer 15

inhalation of soil spores
in river valleys (ohio, mississippi)
males at risk

Question 16

candidasis

features / org

Answer 16

dimorphic (mold and yeast in same host)
no disease in healthy peoplenon-environmental

candida albicans

Question 17

candidasis

pathogenesis

Answer 17

overgrowth in mucosal membranes
mouth -> thrush
vagina -> yeast infection
HIV patients can disseminate

Question 18

candidasis

transmission

Answer 18

part of normal flora, not transmitted

Question 19

cryptococcus meningitis

features / org

Answer 19

most common life-threatening fungal infection in AIDS

cryptococcus

Question 20

cryptococcus meningitis

pathogenesis

Answer 20

asymptomatic or pneumonia in healthy
HIV patients can disseminate to brain -> abscesses
50% no evidence of decreased health, normal CD4 count

Question 21

cryptococcus meningitis

transmission

Answer 21

inhalation of org in soil

contaminated with pigeon droppings

Question 22

aspergillus

features / org

Answer 22

fungal infection on eyes, skin, ears, lungs

aspergillus fumigatus

Question 23

aspergillus

pathogenesis

Answer 23

fungus ball: overgrowth in cavities (sinus, lungs)
bronchial aspergilosis, like asthma, allergy
can cause anaphylaxis

Question 24

aspergillus

transmission

Answer 24

inhalation of conidia in soil with decayed vegetation
black biofilm in showers
old a/c units
increased risk in chronic sinusitis and emphysema patients