Chapter 3: Cells and Tissues Flashcards
cell membrane functions
physical barrier
exchange gateway
communication
cell structure
micelle vs liposome
both made up of phospholipids
micelle: lipid droplets
liposome: fluid-filled structure
three types of proteins
integral: span membrane from one side to other
peripheral: only on one side of membrane, attached to integral protein or phosphate head
lipid-anchored: attached to lipid tails of phospholipid
lipid bilayer makeup
cholesterol and phospholipids
cytoplasm makeup
cyosol, inclusions, organelles
inclusions
ribosomes
proteasomes
intracellular fuels
protein fibers
ribosomes
dense RNA granules
assemble amino acids into proteins
proteasomes
enzyme that breaks down protein
intracellular fuels
glycogen, lipid droplets
protein fibers
filaments and tubules (cilia, cytoskeleton)
microfilaments
actin (thinnest)
cytoskeleton, contraction, membrane movement
intermediate filaments
myosin, keratin, neurofilaments
cytoskeleton, contraction, protection
microtubules
tubulin (thickest)
cytoskeleton, movement of cilia/flagella/chromosomes, transport
functions of cytoskeleton
cell shape internal organization intracellular transport assembly of cells into tissues movement
mitochondria
generate ATP aerobically
have own DNA and can replicate selves
endoplasmic reticulum
smooth: -lipid synthesis -detox rough: -protein synthesis
golgi complex
protein modification, packaging, distribution
have cytoplasmic vesicles (storage and secretory)
nucleus
chromosomes/ dna
nucleolus (dna that codes for rRNA)
nuclear envelope
nuclear pores
motor proteins
move organelles around the cell using cytoskeleton as railroad, uses ATP
tissue types
epithelial
nervous
muscle
connective
gap junctions
fast, connect cytoplasm of adjacent cells
tight junctions
restrict movement between adjacent cells
create barriers that regulate substance movement
BBB
desmosomes
button-like, anchoring junctions, strongest junction
totipotent vs pluripotent vs multipotent
toti: can develop into ALL cells
pluri: can develop into many cells
multi: can develop into many cells of ONE tissue
apoptosis vs necrosis
apoptosis: programmed cell death
necrosis: death from trauma, no oxygen, trauma
epithelial tissue
protect internal environment
regulate material exchange
ciliated to create currents
secretory to make and release product (mucus, sweat)
transporting to move substance between lumen and ECF
connective tissue
structural support
physical barrier to defend from invaders
loose, dense (irregular/regular), adipose, blood, cartilage, bone
muscle tissue
able to contract and produce force and movement
caridac (heart), smooth (organs), skeletal
nervous tissue
neurons or glial cells
carry info (chem/elec) from one part of body to another
brain, spinal cord, and extensions to everywhere
