Chapter 3: Cells and Tissues

Question 1

cell membrane functions

Answer 1

physical barrier
exchange gateway
communication
cell structure

Question 2

micelle vs liposome

Answer 2

both made up of phospholipids

micelle: lipid droplets
liposome: fluid-filled structure

Question 3

three types of proteins

Answer 3

integral: span membrane from one side to other
peripheral: only on one side of membrane, attached to integral protein or phosphate head
lipid-anchored: attached to lipid tails of phospholipid

Question 4

lipid bilayer makeup

Answer 4

cholesterol and phospholipids

Question 5

cytoplasm makeup

Answer 5

cyosol, inclusions, organelles

Question 6

inclusions

Answer 6

ribosomes
proteasomes
intracellular fuels
protein fibers

Question 7

ribosomes

Answer 7

dense RNA granules

assemble amino acids into proteins

Question 8

proteasomes

Answer 8

enzyme that breaks down protein

Question 9

intracellular fuels

Answer 9

glycogen, lipid droplets

Question 10

protein fibers

Answer 10

filaments and tubules (cilia, cytoskeleton)

Question 11

microfilaments

Answer 11

actin (thinnest)

cytoskeleton, contraction, membrane movement

Question 12

intermediate filaments

Answer 12

myosin, keratin, neurofilaments

cytoskeleton, contraction, protection

Question 13

microtubules

Answer 13

tubulin (thickest)

cytoskeleton, movement of cilia/flagella/chromosomes, transport

Question 14

functions of cytoskeleton

Answer 14

cell shape
internal organization
intracellular transport
assembly of cells into tissues
movement

Question 15

mitochondria

Answer 15

generate ATP aerobically

have own DNA and can replicate selves

Question 16

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

smooth:
-lipid synthesis
-detox
rough:
-protein synthesis

Question 17

golgi complex

Answer 17

protein modification, packaging, distribution

have cytoplasmic vesicles (storage and secretory)

Question 18

nucleus

Answer 18

chromosomes/ dna
nucleolus (dna that codes for rRNA)
nuclear envelope
nuclear pores

Question 19

motor proteins

Answer 19

move organelles around the cell using cytoskeleton as railroad, uses ATP

Question 20

tissue types

Answer 20

epithelial
nervous
muscle
connective

Question 21

gap junctions

Answer 21

fast, connect cytoplasm of adjacent cells

Question 22

tight junctions

Answer 22

restrict movement between adjacent cells
create barriers that regulate substance movement
BBB

Question 23

desmosomes

Answer 23

button-like, anchoring junctions, strongest junction

Question 24

totipotent vs pluripotent vs multipotent

Answer 24

toti: can develop into ALL cells
pluri: can develop into many cells
multi: can develop into many cells of ONE tissue

Question 25

apoptosis vs necrosis

Answer 25

apoptosis: programmed cell death
necrosis: death from trauma, no oxygen, trauma

Question 26

epithelial tissue

Answer 26

protect internal environment
regulate material exchange
ciliated to create currents
secretory to make and release product (mucus, sweat)
transporting to move substance between lumen and ECF

Question 27

connective tissue

Answer 27

structural support
physical barrier to defend from invaders
loose, dense (irregular/regular), adipose, blood, cartilage, bone

Question 28

muscle tissue

Answer 28

able to contract and produce force and movement

caridac (heart), smooth (organs), skeletal

Question 29

nervous tissue

Answer 29

neurons or glial cells
carry info (chem/elec) from one part of body to another
brain, spinal cord, and extensions to everywhere