Lab Final: Reproduction Flashcards
ovulation
release of mature egg from ovary
tubal ligation
sterilization for women, fallopian tubes tied
vasectomy
sterilization for men, removes vas deferens
fertilization
union of sperm and ova
capacitation
after exposure to female secretions, sperm cap changes take place
zona pellucida
thick membrane around ovum, can be penetrated by 1 sperm
acrosomal reaction
reaction of acrosome of sperm when it reaches egg; fuses with oocyte membrane and breaks down coating
polyspermy
fertilization of egg by more than one sperm
chorion
extra-embryonic membrane that will enclose embryo and form placenta
gamete
sperm and egg
zygote
fertilized egg after penetration of sperm
cleavage
series of mitotic cell divisions in zygote; creates more cells in same size; creates morula
morula
produced by cleavage, once zygote has divided into 16 cells
blastocyst
hollow ball of cells, from morula
inner cell mass
aka embryoblast, mass of cells inside embryo that will become structures in fetus
implantation
attachment of blastocyst to uterine epithelial lining
6-7 days after fertilization
embryo
from fertilization until implantation
fetus
from gastrulation until parturition
parturition
giving birth
lactation
secretion of milk from mammary glands
gestation period
time from implantation until parturition
menarche
first menstrual cycle
menopause
last menstrual cycle and permanent cessation of menses
estrogen
from corpus luteum, then placenta
development of milk
progesterone
from corpus luteum, then placenta
maintenance of endometrium, suppression of contractions
prolactin
from anterior pituitary
controls milk production
relaxin
from ovary and placenta
prepares uterus and pelvis for delivery
oxytocin
from posterior pituitary
causes uterine and breast smooth muscle contraction
human chorionic gonadotropin
chorionic villi of developing placenta
keeps corpus luteum producing progesterone to keep endometrium intact
fertilization process
sperm touches jelly coat acrosomal reaction coat digested by enzymes bindin proteins reach receptors on egg plasma membranes fuse sodium ions flow into cell, more positive, no more sperm egg releases calcium into cytoplasm bindin receptors release water flows in, raising envelope fertilization cone brings sperm nucleus into egg zygote
reproduction process
ovulation (gamete) coitus ejaculation (gamete) capacitation acrosomal reaction fertilization zygote (embryo) cleavage morula blastocyst implantation (gestation) gastrulation (fetus) lactation parturition baby
