Lab Final: Reproduction

Question 1

ovulation

Answer 1

release of mature egg from ovary

Question 2

tubal ligation

Answer 2

sterilization for women, fallopian tubes tied

Question 3

vasectomy

Answer 3

sterilization for men, removes vas deferens

Question 4

fertilization

Answer 4

union of sperm and ova

Question 5

capacitation

Answer 5

after exposure to female secretions, sperm cap changes take place

Question 6

zona pellucida

Answer 6

thick membrane around ovum, can be penetrated by 1 sperm

Question 7

acrosomal reaction

Answer 7

reaction of acrosome of sperm when it reaches egg; fuses with oocyte membrane and breaks down coating

Question 8

polyspermy

Answer 8

fertilization of egg by more than one sperm

Question 9

chorion

Answer 9

extra-embryonic membrane that will enclose embryo and form placenta

Question 10

gamete

Answer 10

sperm and egg

Question 11

zygote

Answer 11

fertilized egg after penetration of sperm

Question 12

cleavage

Answer 12

series of mitotic cell divisions in zygote; creates more cells in same size; creates morula

Question 13

morula

Answer 13

produced by cleavage, once zygote has divided into 16 cells

Question 14

blastocyst

Answer 14

hollow ball of cells, from morula

Question 15

inner cell mass

Answer 15

aka embryoblast, mass of cells inside embryo that will become structures in fetus

Question 16

implantation

Answer 16

attachment of blastocyst to uterine epithelial lining

6-7 days after fertilization

Question 17

embryo

Answer 17

from fertilization until implantation

Question 18

fetus

Answer 18

from gastrulation until parturition

Question 19

parturition

Answer 19

giving birth

Question 20

lactation

Answer 20

secretion of milk from mammary glands

Question 21

gestation period

Answer 21

time from implantation until parturition

Question 22

menarche

Answer 22

first menstrual cycle

Question 23

menopause

Answer 23

last menstrual cycle and permanent cessation of menses

Question 24

estrogen

Answer 24

from corpus luteum, then placenta

development of milk

Question 25

progesterone

Answer 25

from corpus luteum, then placenta

maintenance of endometrium, suppression of contractions

Question 26

prolactin

Answer 26

from anterior pituitary

controls milk production

Question 27

relaxin

Answer 27

from ovary and placenta

prepares uterus and pelvis for delivery

Question 28

oxytocin

Answer 28

from posterior pituitary

causes uterine and breast smooth muscle contraction

Question 29

human chorionic gonadotropin

Answer 29

chorionic villi of developing placenta

keeps corpus luteum producing progesterone to keep endometrium intact

Question 30

fertilization process

Answer 30

sperm touches jelly coat
acrosomal reaction
coat digested by enzymes
bindin proteins reach receptors on egg
plasma membranes fuse
sodium ions flow into cell, more positive, no more sperm
egg releases calcium into cytoplasm
bindin receptors release
water flows in, raising envelope
fertilization cone brings sperm nucleus into egg
zygote

Question 31

reproduction process

Answer 31

ovulation (gamete)
coitus
ejaculation (gamete)
capacitation
acrosomal reaction
fertilization
zygote (embryo)
cleavage
morula
blastocyst
implantation (gestation)
gastrulation (fetus) 
lactation
parturition
baby