Chapter 1: Basics of Human Physiology Flashcards
Physiology
Study of the functions and processes of living organisms
Physiology levels of organization
Molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations of one species
10 Organ systems
integumentary, musculoskeletal, respiratory, digestive, reproductive, urinary, circulatory, nervous, endocrine, immune
Organ systems that exchange between internal and external environments
respiratory, digestive, reproductive, urinary
Teleological approach
adaptive significance, function explains “why”
Mechanistic approach
process describes “how”
4 Physiology themes
structure and function relationship
energy processing
information flow
homeostasis
Homeostasis
environmental balance
Intracellular vs Extracellular fluid
intracellular: inside cells
extracellular: buffer zone outside of cells, plasma and interstitial fluid
Pathophysiology
failure to compensate for change from set point, leads to illness or death
Feedback loop steps
stimulus sensor (afferent pathway) integrating center (efferent pathway) effector (effector's action) response
stimulus
any physiological change from body’s set point
sensor
structure that detects original change
integrating center
structure where information from sensor is processed and interpreted
effector
structure that can act to adjust the condition
effector’s action
action taken to adjust the action
response
outcome of effector’s action, opposite of stimulus
scientific method
observation research question hypothesis experiment theories and models
placebo effect vs nocebo effect
placebo: treatment works because they believe it will
nocebo: treatment has negative effect because they believe it will
intracellular vs extracellular ions
Na, Cl, Ca: higher in extracellular
K: higher in intracellular
