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Bacteriology II > Mycobacterium (Exam 5) > Flashcards

Mycobacterium (Exam 5) Flashcards

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1
Q

Mycobacterium grow (slowly/rapidly) in appropriate culture.

A

slowly (6 weeks)

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2
Q

______ is used to differentiate various species of Mycobacteria in culture.

A

PCR

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3
Q

(T/F) Mycobacteria are intracellular parasites.

A

True

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4
Q

Mycobacteria have _______ ______ which are lipids in their cell envelope.

A

mycolic acids

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5
Q

Due to the waxy mycolic acids in Mycobacteria, what kind of stain can be used?

A

acid-fast stain

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6
Q

“Acid-Fast” stain of Mycobacteria can be dyed via two methods:

A

heat (Ziehl Neelsen)
phenol (Kinyoun)

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7
Q

__________ of Mycobacteria allow for HIGH environmental, disinfectant, and antibiotic resistance.

A

hydrophobicity

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8
Q

List 3 components of the cell wall of Mycobacteria.

A
  1. porins
  2. mycolic acid
  3. peptidoglycan (thin)
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9
Q

Atypical Mycobacteria are divided into _______ groups.

A

Runyon

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10
Q

Runyon Groups are non-contagious atypical mycobacteria grouped together based on _________ & ________.

A

growth rate & pigmentation

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11
Q

Match whether the Runyon Group is pigmented or non-pigmented after light exposure.

  1. Photochromogens
  2. Scotochromogens
  3. Nonchromogens
A

pigmented: 1 & 2
non-pigmented: 3

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12
Q

All Mycobacteria Runyon Groups undergo slow growth except __________ which form visible colonies in days, not weeks.

A

Rapid Growers (Group 4)

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13
Q

Match the hosts to the Mycobacteria species:

M. avium subsp. avium: ________
M. avium subsp. hominissuis (2): ________
M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis: ________

A

poultry
humans & swine
cattle

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14
Q

A “tubercle” is a __________ lesion.

A

granulomatous

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15
Q

Term for contagious disease with tubercle formation.

A

Tuberculosis

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16
Q

List the 3 species of Mycobacteria which cause Tuberculosis.

A
  1. M. tuberculosis
  2. M. bovis
  3. M. avium subsp. avium
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17
Q

While Mycobacterium tuberculosis is well-known for causing Tuberculosis in humans, which 3 groups of animals are often affected?

A
  1. lab animals
  2. pet birds
  3. elephants
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18
Q

Mycobacterium bovis infects ________ & ______ but is uncommon in US domestic species due to eradication control.

A

cattle; deer

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19
Q

Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium affect fowl but infection in ________ has decreased due to management practices.

A

chickens

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20
Q

Transmission of Tuberculosis favors _______, ______ environments.

A

warm, most

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21
Q

List 3 modes of transmission of Tuberculosis. Which is the most common?

A
  1. inhalation *most common
  2. ingestion
  3. milk (children via M. bovis)
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22
Q

Mycobacteria causing Tuberculosis are intracellular parasites in phagosomes which inhibit _________ and leads to _______.

A

apoptosis
necrosis

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23
Q

Mycobacteria causing Tuberculosis has _______ ______ as a virulence factor to bind to mannose receptors for specialized host entry.

A

tubercle bacillus

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24
Q

(T/F) Mycobacteria inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion.

A

True

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25
Mycobacteria interfere with ______ ______ to decrease toxicity.
reactive oxygen
26
When Tuberculosis is transmitted via inhalation, the primary tubercles are located in the ________ and secondary tubercles are in __________.
lungs local lymph nodes
27
When Tuberculosis is transmitted via _______, the primary lesions occur in the tonsils, pharyngeal, cervical, and mesenteric lnns.
ingestion
28
Via ingestion, Tuberculosis causes secondary lesions in:
liver
29
Tuberculosis most commonly causes Generalized Disease in:
cattle
30
Generalized Tuberculosis in cattle causes lesions in ________ tissues such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes.
reticuloendothelial
31
Cattle with Generalized Tuberculosis can develop __________ Tuberculosis where multiple small lesions develop in multiple organs.
Miliary
32
Regarding pathogenesis of Miliary Tuberculosis, the primary lesion erodes into _________ and spread occurs throughout the body.
blood vessels
33
Cattle with severe, terminal Tuberculosis are _______.
anergic
34
(T/F) There is NO vaccination for animal protection of Tuberculosis.
True
35
What immunostimulant is used in horses made from a Mycobacterial cell wall extract?
Equimmune IV
36
What MLV for Mycobacterium bovis is used in humans?
Bacille Calmette Guerin vaccine (BCG)
37
________ is a mycobacteria prep used to detect infection using ______ ______ _____.
tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD)
38
Tuberculin ______ tests are used for antemortem Tuberculosis testing using specific delayed-type hypersensitivity.
skin
39
List the 4 Tuberculin skin tests and what animals they are used in.
1. Mantoux Test (humans) 2. Intrapalpebral Intradermal Test (nonhuman primates) 3. Caudal Fold Test (ruminants) 4. Comparative Cervical Test
40
Animals infected with Tuberculosis may not react to Tuberculin skin tests due to ________ of the immune system.
anergy
41
Match the Tuberculosis immunological test for its description: 1. measures cell-mediated immunity using ELISA 2. detects serum antibodies 3. serology test using Lateral Flow Technology
1. Bovine Gamma IFN Test 2. Fluorescence Polarization Assay 3. Vet TB STAT-PAK
42
Which test is more sensitive: Tuberculin skin test OR Bovine Gamma IFN test?
Bovine Gamma IFN test
43
(T/F) Culture and PCR of Mycobacteria causing Tuberculosis are only done in federal labs.
True
44
Federal Control Programs for Bovine Tuberculosis and Bison/Captive Cervidae require _________ of infected herds.
depopulation
45
Bovids in New Mexico, California, and used for what purpose are problem areas for Tuberculosis?
Mexican feeder steer & rodeo roping steers
46
Tuberculosis in dogs and cats is (common/uncommon) and usually develop ________ disease.
uncommon; subclinical
47
(T/F) Tuberculosis in companion animals is a public health hazard.
True
48
Dogs are susceptible to Tuberculosis transmission via _______ and ______.
aerosol ingestion
49
List 2 Mycobacteria species which cause Tuberculosis in dogs. Which are cats VERY susceptible to?
M. bovis *cats are very susceptible M. tuberculosis
50
(T/F) Intradermal skin tests are the most reliable way to determine Tuberculosis infection in companion animals.
False (unreliable)
51
Other than Mycobacteria causing Tuberculosis, which 2 other diseases can Mycobacterial species cause in companion animals?
1. Feline Leprosy 2. Feline/Canine Cutaneous Atypical Mycobacteriosis
52
List the species responsible for the following: 1. Feline Leprosy 2. Cutaneous Atypical Mycobacteriosis (cats/dogs)
1. Mycobacterium lepraemurium 2. Runyon Group 4 Mycobacteria
53
Feline Leprosy & Cutaneous Atypical Mycobacteriosis cause _______ and ______ lesions, often with _______ tracts.
nodules ulcerative (fistulous)
54
List 2 ways to diagnose Atypical Mycobacterial infections in companion animals.
1. histopath 2. culture
55
Treatment of Atypical Mycobacterial infections in companion animals are often (successful/unsuccessful).
unsuccessful
56
Term for disease with localized tuberculoid-like granulomatous lesions caused by Mycobacteria OTHER than those that cause Tuberculosis:
Mycobacteriosis
57
Which organisms are the 2 causes of Mycobacteriosis?
1. M. avium subsp. hominissuis 2. Saprophytic acid-fast bacteria
58
After slaughter of swine with Mycobacteriosis, which two species are often found?
1. M. avium subsp. hominissuis 2. M. intracellulare
59
(T/F) Pigs with M. avium subsp. hominissuis often come from an environmental source while M. intracellulare comes from pig-to-pig or human transmission.
False (swapped)
60
(T/F) Swine rarely develop clinical disease due to M. avium subsp. hominissuis or M. intracellulare.
True
61
When swine do develop disease due to M. avium subsp. hominissuis or M. intracellulare, the disease is called ________ _________.
Tuberculous Adenitis
62
(T/F) Control of Mycobacteriosis in swine is aimed at eradication.
False (not achievable due to environmental source)
63
Match the exotic animal to the Mycobacteria that typically infects it: 1. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis 2. M. tuberculosis & M. avium 3. M. avium subsp. avium 4. M. tuberculosis & M. bovis
1. hoofed animals 2. primates 3. birds 4. elephants
64
Worldwide, captive elephants are usually infected by Mycobacterium ________.
tuberculosis
65
Elephants usually develop a _______ infection to M. tuberculosis.
subclinical
66
What is the official test for elephants with Tuberculosis?
culture (via trunk washes)
67
(T/F) Treatment of elephants with Tuberculosis causes side effects and DOES NOT stop the shedding.
False (does stop shedding, but causes side effects)
68
(T/F) Elephants can become infected with Tuberculosis by other elephants or humans.
True
69
Mycobacteria marinum, M. piscium, M. fortuitum, and M. cheolonae infect:
fish (problem in aquariums)
70
What lesions develop in fish infected by Mycobacteria?
miliary yellow nodules in all internal organs
71
Which species causes Mycobacteriosis in ruminants?
M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis
72
(T/F) Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in ruminants is zoonotic.
False
73
What disease does Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis cause in ruminants?
Paratuberculosis (Johne's)
74
In addition to zoo ruminants, which 3 specific domestic ruminants are affected by Paratuberculosis?
cattle, sheep, goats
75
List 3 routes of transmission of Paratuberculosis in ruminants.
1. fecal-oral 2. in-utero 3. colostrum/milk
76
Paratuberculosis in ruminants is most susceptible in (young/old) animals.
young
77
What is the incubation period for Paratuberculosis in ruminants?
1-5 years
78
(T/F) Intermittent fecal shedding of Paratuberculosis in ruminants starts prior to onset of clinical signs.
True
79
What is the main clinical sign of Paratuberculosis in ruminants?
chronic diarrhea WITHOUT straining
80
The chronic diarrhea caused by Paratuberculosis in ruminants is possible ________ _______.
immune-mediated
81
Ruminants with ________ Paratuberculosis have decreased fertility and production, and increased cull rates.
subclinical
82
Which two regions in the body are bacteria located in ruminants with Paratuberculosis?
terminal ileum large intestine
83
Paratuberculosis causes a ________ _______ infiltration of submucosa by epitheloid and giant cells.
diffuse granulomatous
84
(T/F) Paratuberculosis causes diffuse, granulomatous necrosis in the GI tract.
False (NO necrosis)
85
What type of immune response is crucial with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection?
Th1-mediated response
86
(T/F) Vaccination against Paratuberculosis does not change the rate of infection.
True
87
What is the "gold standard" antemortem diagnostic test for Paratuberculosis?
fecal culture
88
Paratuberculosis in non-ruminant species has a high incidence in:
rabbits (Scotland)
89

Bacteriology II (22 decks)

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