Actinomyces & Other (Exam 5)

Question 1

Actinomyces, Actinobaculum, Trueperella, Crossiella, Nocardia, & Dermatophilus are ALL gram (positive/negative) (spore/non-spore) forming _____.

Answer 1

gram-positive non-spore forming rods

Question 2

ALL except two species of this group of bacterial genera are ______ ______ (oxygen requirement).

Answer 2

obligate anaerobes

Question 3

Which two bacteria are facultative anaerobes rather than obligate anaerobes?

Answer 3

Actinomyces viscosus
Trueperella pyogenes

Question 4

Actinomyces causes disease in which 4 species?

Answer 4

human, bovine, canine, swine

Question 5

Actinomyces ______ infects cattle and causes:

Answer 5

A. bovis
Lumpy Jaw Disease

Question 6

How is Lumpy Jaw Disease (A. bovis) in cattle transmitted?

Answer 6

damage to mouth –> oral flora implants

Question 7

Lumpy Jaw Disease causes regions of __________ and ______ in the jaw.

Answer 7

bone proliferation & erosion

Question 8

What characteristic structure is found in the pus of Actinomyces bovis?

Answer 8

sulfur granules

Question 9

Two ways to diagnose Actinomyces infection.

Answer 9

1. direct smear (pus, sulfur granule)
2. culture

Question 10

Which two species cause Actinomycosis in dogs? Which is more common?

Answer 10

Actinomyces viscosus (more common)
Actinomyces hordeovulneris

Question 11

Canine Actinomycosis typically causes __________ lesions of skin and subcutis.

Answer 11

granulomatous

Question 12

It is important to distinguish infection between Actinomyces viscosus in dogs and:

Answer 12

Nocardia

Question 13

(T/F) Several Actinomyces species infect swine.

Answer 13

True (don’t need to know specifics)

Question 14

Which bacterium causes a “dew drop” appearance on hemolytic colonies in culture?

Answer 14

Trueperella pyogenes

Question 15

Oxygen requirement for Trueperella.

Answer 15

facultative anaerobe

Question 16

Which species is Trueperella pyogenes infection common in?

Answer 16

food animals (cattle, sheep, swine, horses)

Question 17

Trueperella pyogenes commonly causes ________ infections.

Answer 17

pyogenic (suppuratives, abscess)

Question 18

Pneumonia, abortion, arthritis, abscess, and rarely mastitis can occur with T. pyogenes infection in:

Answer 18

cattle

Question 19

What disease does Trueperella pyogenes cause in swine?

Answer 19

swine arthritis

Question 20

Actinobaculum suis are gram-positive _________ rods.

Answer 20

branching

Question 21

Actinobaculum suis growth is enhanced by ________ and (hemolytic/non-hemolytic).

Answer 21

urea
non-hemolytic

Question 22

Actinobaculum suis causes which two diseases in swine?

Answer 22

1. Cystitis
2. Pyelonephritis

Question 23

How is Actinobaculum suis transmitted?

Answer 23

venereal

Question 24

Actinobaculum suis in swine causes colonization the bladder and kidney in (males/females) and subclinical or normal flora in (males/females).

Answer 24

females
males

Question 25

Actinobaculum suis in female pigs causes _______ in the bladder mucosa and weight loss or “___________”.

Answer 25

hemorrhage
“thin sow syndrome”

Question 26

Which genus is non-motile, gram-positive branching rods that are partial acid-fast but with shorter mycolic acids than Mycobacteria?

Answer 26

Nocardia

Question 27

Nocardia oxygen requirement.

Answer 27

obligate anaerobes

Question 28

Most Nocardia produce _______ ______ which are branching structures that penetrate into agar and generate “hyphae”.

Answer 28

aerial mycelia

Question 29

Nocardia are considered soil-borne ________.

Answer 29

saprophytes

Question 30

Nocardia is generally (high/low) virulence and infect is from ______.

Answer 30

low
environment

Question 31

Nocardia causes VERY similar disease to what other genus?

Answer 31

Actinomyces

Question 32

Which is more common: Nocardia or Actinomyces?

Answer 32

Actinomyces

Question 33

List 3 species Nocardia can infect.

Answer 33

dogs, cattle, horses

Question 34

Nocardioform Placentitis / Abortion is caused by what organism?

Answer 34

Crossiella equi (NOT Nocardia)

Question 35

Which bacterium is a gram-positive branching rod with septating hyphae and adherent colonies on agar?

Answer 35

Dermatophilus congolensis

Question 36

Dermatophilus congolensis produces motile __________, which has extended flagella for movement.

Answer 36

zoospores

Question 37

Dermatophilus congolensis is highest incidence in what type of environment?

Answer 37

warm, moist (dampen skin)

Question 38

Dermatophilus congolensis can affect a variety of mammal, but commonly is problem in:

Answer 38

horses

Question 39

How is Dermatophilus transmitted?

Answer 39

skin carriers (reservoirs)
direct contact

Question 40

Dermatophilus causes what condition that leads to scab/crust formation?

Answer 40

exudative dermatitis