Actinomyces & Other (Exam 5) Flashcards
Actinomyces, Actinobaculum, Trueperella, Crossiella, Nocardia, & Dermatophilus are ALL gram (positive/negative) (spore/non-spore) forming _____.
gram-positive non-spore forming rods
ALL except two species of this group of bacterial genera are ______ ______ (oxygen requirement).
obligate anaerobes
Which two bacteria are facultative anaerobes rather than obligate anaerobes?
Actinomyces viscosus
Trueperella pyogenes
Actinomyces causes disease in which 4 species?
human, bovine, canine, swine
Actinomyces ______ infects cattle and causes:
A. bovis
Lumpy Jaw Disease
How is Lumpy Jaw Disease (A. bovis) in cattle transmitted?
damage to mouth –> oral flora implants
Lumpy Jaw Disease causes regions of __________ and ______ in the jaw.
bone proliferation & erosion
What characteristic structure is found in the pus of Actinomyces bovis?
sulfur granules
Two ways to diagnose Actinomyces infection.
- direct smear (pus, sulfur granule)
- culture
Which two species cause Actinomycosis in dogs? Which is more common?
Actinomyces viscosus (more common)
Actinomyces hordeovulneris
Canine Actinomycosis typically causes __________ lesions of skin and subcutis.
granulomatous
It is important to distinguish infection between Actinomyces viscosus in dogs and:
Nocardia
(T/F) Several Actinomyces species infect swine.
True (don’t need to know specifics)
Which bacterium causes a “dew drop” appearance on hemolytic colonies in culture?
Trueperella pyogenes
Oxygen requirement for Trueperella.
facultative anaerobe
Which species is Trueperella pyogenes infection common in?
food animals (cattle, sheep, swine, horses)
Trueperella pyogenes commonly causes ________ infections.
pyogenic (suppuratives, abscess)
Pneumonia, abortion, arthritis, abscess, and rarely mastitis can occur with T. pyogenes infection in:
cattle
What disease does Trueperella pyogenes cause in swine?
swine arthritis
Actinobaculum suis are gram-positive _________ rods.
branching
Actinobaculum suis growth is enhanced by ________ and (hemolytic/non-hemolytic).
urea
non-hemolytic
Actinobaculum suis causes which two diseases in swine?
- Cystitis
- Pyelonephritis
How is Actinobaculum suis transmitted?
venereal
Actinobaculum suis in swine causes colonization the bladder and kidney in (males/females) and subclinical or normal flora in (males/females).
females
males
Actinobaculum suis in female pigs causes _______ in the bladder mucosa and weight loss or “___________”.
hemorrhage
“thin sow syndrome”
Which genus is non-motile, gram-positive branching rods that are partial acid-fast but with shorter mycolic acids than Mycobacteria?
Nocardia
Nocardia oxygen requirement.
obligate anaerobes
Most Nocardia produce _______ ______ which are branching structures that penetrate into agar and generate “hyphae”.
aerial mycelia
Nocardia are considered soil-borne ________.
saprophytes
Nocardia is generally (high/low) virulence and infect is from ______.
low
environment
Nocardia causes VERY similar disease to what other genus?
Actinomyces
Which is more common: Nocardia or Actinomyces?
Actinomyces
List 3 species Nocardia can infect.
dogs, cattle, horses
Nocardioform Placentitis / Abortion is caused by what organism?
Crossiella equi (NOT Nocardia)
Which bacterium is a gram-positive branching rod with septating hyphae and adherent colonies on agar?
Dermatophilus congolensis
Dermatophilus congolensis produces motile __________, which has extended flagella for movement.
zoospores
Dermatophilus congolensis is highest incidence in what type of environment?
warm, moist (dampen skin)
Dermatophilus congolensis can affect a variety of mammal, but commonly is problem in:
horses
How is Dermatophilus transmitted?
skin carriers (reservoirs)
direct contact
Dermatophilus causes what condition that leads to scab/crust formation?
exudative dermatitis
