Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bacteriology II > CNS Viruses (Exam 5) > Flashcards

CNS Viruses (Exam 5) Flashcards

1
Q

Rabies Virus is a ______-preventable disease.

A

vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(T/F) Rabies Virus is highly contagious.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mass canine vaccination programs allow for ________ _______ of Rabies Virus.

A

herd immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fill-in the following for Rabies Virus:

Family: _________
Genus: _________

A

Rhabdoviridae
Lyssavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Rabies Virus is a (DNA/RNA) virus.

A

RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lyssaviruses are broken down into ___ genotypes, Genotype __ being classical rabies while the others are various lyssaviruses in bats.

A

7
1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diagnostic test that detects internal nucleocapsid proteins of Rabies Virus.

A

immunofluorescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

(T/F) Rabies can be transmitted from animal-to-animal or animal-to-human.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is Rabies transmitted?

A

bite wounds (saliva into tissues)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In developed countries with vaccinated dogs, what hosts serve as the major cause of transmission to humans?

A

wildlife reservoirs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In less-developed countries, ______ and ______ serve as the primary reservoirs for Rabies Virus.

A

feral dogs
bats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

________ serve as subclinical carriers of Rabies.

A

bats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

(T/F) Clinical signs of Rabies usually show up at the time they become infectious.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(T/F) While rare, fomite transmission of Rabies Virus can occur.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

(T/F) It is probably NOT possible to become infected by Rabies Virus via inhalation.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Match the type of animal to its characteristic in terms of Rabies Virus:

  1. antibodies w/o disease
  2. susceptible, CNS clinical disease
  3. maintenance hosts for transmission
A
  1. birds
  2. mammals
  3. wildlife
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The two most important wildlife reservoirs for the spread of Rabies virus are:

A

skunks & bats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

After a rabid animal bite, the infected saliva deposits deep into _______ where it replicates and binds at receptors of ________.

A

muscle
motor end plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

After rabies virus binds to the motor end plate receptors of muscle, it travels up the neuron and replicates in ______ and subsequently, peripheral nerves & organs, especially _______ where high titers of the virus occur.

A

brain
salivary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When Rabies Virus infects the limbic system, this is commonly called:

A

furious rabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When Rabies Virus infects the neocortex, this is commonly called:

A

dumb rabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

(T/F) No particular clinical sign is pathognomonic for Rabies infection.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rabies should always be a differential for neurologic disease is the animal is not ________.

A

vaccinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The incubation period of Rabies Virus is determined by the _________ and _______ of the bite.

A

location & severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Diagnosis of Rabies infection only occurs (ante/post)-mortem.

A

post

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What diagnostic test is used on fresh brain tissue for Rabies diagnosis?

A

Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A positive Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test on fresh brain tissue is determined by the presence of _________ in neurons.

A

Negri bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

(T/F) Rapid test kits are currently available for detect of Rabies Virus.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

(T/F) Brains and heads intended for Rabies diagnosis should be frozen prior to testing.

A

False (can refrigerate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

______ impression smears and ______ biopsies can be used for antemortem Rabies diagnosis in humans.

A

corneal
skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Regardless of vaccination status, if a dog, cat, or ferret bites someone, what is the protocol?

A

confine/observe for 10 days (evaluate by vet if develop signs)

32
Q

Post-bite in a human, what helps to inactivate and lower the viral dose of Rabies?

A

irrigate/wash wound (soap & water)

33
Q

(T/F) All Rabies vaccines are inactivated or vectored MLV. There are NO MLV vaccines licensed.

A

True

34
Q

(T/F) There are few approved vaccines for wildlife kept as pets or wild animal hybrids.

A

False (NONE)

35
Q

Which 4 species should always be vaccinated for Rabies?

A

dogs, cats, ferrets, horses

36
Q

_______ are small, proteinaceous infectious particles that resist inactivation by procedures that modify nucleic acids.

A

prions

37
Q

______ is the normal prion protein while ______ is the pathogenic prion variant causing misfolding.

A

PrPc
PrPsc

38
Q

PrPc is degraded by ________ while PrPsc is resistant.

A

proteinase K

39
Q

PrPsc is resistant to what 3 things other than proteinase K?

A

boiling, formaldehyde, irradiation

40
Q

List the 3 major animal prion diseases discussed.

A
  1. Scrapie
  2. Chronic Wasting Disease
  3. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
41
Q

Which two species are affected by Scrapie?

A

sheep, goats

42
Q

(T/F) Scrapie can be transmitted to humans.

A

False (not known to be zoonotic)

43
Q

______ factors and strain ______ determine which animals are infected with Scrapie.

A

genetic
variants

44
Q

How is Scrapie transmitted? (2 ways)

A
  1. oral route
  2. wounds from infected material
45
Q

(T/F) The natural route of Scrapie transmission has NOT been proven.

A

True

46
Q

List 3 clinical signs of Scrapie.

A
  1. ataxia
  2. pruritis (“scraping”)
  3. wasting
47
Q

Scrapie has a (long/short) incubation period.

A

long

48
Q

(T/F) Prion Disease, such as Scrapie, cause an immune response in the host.

A

False

49
Q

After prions are ingested, they move to the lymphoid tissues and CNS, where they cause:

A

neuronal degeneration

50
Q

All methods of Scrapie diagnosis require _______ and ______ reactions.

A

infected tissue
antibody reactions

51
Q

Which 2 tests can be used to detect Scrapie?

A

IHC & ELISA

52
Q

Which test is considered the “gold standard” for Scrapie diagnosis?

A

IHC

53
Q

What kind of animals are affected by Chronic Wasting Disease?

A

mule deer, white-tailed deer, elk
(cervids)

54
Q

The main clinical sign of Chronic Wasting Disease is chronic _________ which progressively leads to death, often due to __________.

A

weight loss
aspiration pneumonia

55
Q

(T/F) The relationship between Chronic Wasting Disease and other spongiform encephalopathies is unknown.

A

True

56
Q

(T/F) Chronic Wasting Disease is NOT present in Missouri.

A

False

57
Q

Which two ways is Chronic Wasting Disease transmitted?

A
  1. direct contact (ingestion)
  2. indirect (environmental)
58
Q

In terms of the indirect environment contamination route of CWD transmission, _________ is a major factor which determines prion persistence in the environment.

A

soil type

59
Q

Chronic Wasting Disease has been experimentally transmitted to _______ and _______ via intracerebral inoculation or fed infected tissues.

A

ruminants
monkeys

60
Q

(T/F) There is strong evidence for CWD transmitted naturally in humans.

A

False (not currently known)

61
Q

Chronic Wasting Disease usually occurs in (young/adult) animals and is (never/sometimes/always) progressive and fatal.

A

adult
always

62
Q

The “gold standard” for CWD diagnosis is immunohistochemistry of ______ or _____ tissues on necropsy.

A

brain
lymphoid

63
Q

What disease is a reportable, chronic, degenerative disease affecting CNS of adult cattle caused by misfolded prions?

A

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

64
Q

Bovids infected with BSE begin agitated, anxious, and apprehensive but progress to:

A

abnormal gait & frenzied movements

65
Q

BSE has a long incubation period of:

A

2-8 years

66
Q

The most important route for BSE transmission is:

A

ingestion (feed containing infected meat & bone meal)

67
Q

(T/F) BSE can be transmitted to humans.

A

True

68
Q

BSE transmitted to humans is called:

A

Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease

69
Q

In addition to bovids and humans, what other animals are known to develop BSE after being fed infected meat?

A

zoo cats

70
Q

In BSE, prions are concentrated in what 3 regions?

A

eyes
brain
spinal cord

71
Q

(T/F) BSE infected prions have been found in meat and milk of infected bovids.

A

False

72
Q

(T/F) There are NO gross lesions for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy.

A

True

73
Q

There are no ________ tests for BSE.

A

serological

74
Q

The initial screening for BSE uses ________ test while confirmation uses scrapie-associated fibril-enriched ___________.

A

ELISA
Western Blot

75
Q
A

Bacteriology II (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions