Bordetella, Histophilus, Actinobacillus (Exam 1) Flashcards
PRDC (Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex) is caused by the bacterial initiator, __________ _________, and follower pathogen, ________ ________.
Initiator: Bordetella bronchiseptica
Follower: Pasteurella multocida
Bordetella bacteria are gram (negative/positive) (rod/cocci/spirochetes).
gram-negative rods
What is the oxygen requirement for Bordetella?
obligate aerobes
(T/F) Bordetella ferment sugars.
False
Other than fimbriae, what are the other adherence factors Bordetella uses?
filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA)
tracheal cytotoxin (TCT)
__________ is muramyl dipeptide shed during Bordetella infection, one of the virulence factors of Bordetella, which causes loss of ciliated epithelium.
tracheal cytotoxin
__________ is a Bordetella exotoxin which causes skin necrosis if injected intradermally.
dermonecrotic toxin
What Bordetella virulence factor inhibits phagocytosis by the host?
adenylate cyclase hemolysin
Which species of Bordetella causes disease in domestic mammals (swine, dog, cat, horse)?
Bordetella bronchiseptica
In swine, Bordetella bronchiseptica causes pneumonia/PRDC and ___________, unique to pigs.
atrophic rhinitis
Progressive Atrophic Rhinitis in swine occurs when there is a co-infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica and what other bacteria?
Pasteurella multocida (Type D)
(T/F) Young pigs are most susceptible to Progressive Atrophic Rhinitis caused by Bordetella infection.
True
Bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs can cause ___________, or “Kennel Cough”.
Infectious Tracheobronchitis
(T/F) Infectious Tracheobronchitis caused by Bordetella in dogs may or may not be associated with a viral infection too.
True
In Infectious Tracheobronchitis in dogs, the respiratory mucus layer is (increased/decreased) and cilia is lost.
decreased
What is the main clinical sign of Bordetella infection in dogs?
dry, hacking cough
CIRD, or Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex is when viruses predispose a dog to ________ infection.
bordetella
(T/F) Dogs that recover from Bordetella are immune.
True
Which species has a very low incidence of Bordetella infection?
horses
Which species of Bordetella causes Turkey coryza (rhinotracheitis) in Turkeys?
Bordetella avium
Originally, 3 Histophilus species were identified. Later, it was determined they are all genetically identically. Now, they are all referred to as:
Histophilus somni
Histophilus bacteria are gram (positive/negative) _______ rods.
negative
pleomorphic
Histophilus is (obligate/facultative) intracellular.
facultative
Histophilus is spread via ________ and causes respiratory infections and septicemia.
True
Histophilus causes injury of ___________ via programmed cell death.
vascular endothelium
Histophilus causes (acute/chronic) respiratory infection in cattle.
acute
List the 4 sequelae / clinical manifestations of Acute Respiratory Infection caused by Histophilus in cattle.
- bronchopneumonia
- fibrinous pleuritis
- tracheitis
- necrotizing laryngitis
Diagnosis of Histophilus in cattle is done via culture on ________ agar.
chocolate (heated blood agar)
What acute septicemic disease occurs with cattle Histophilus infection?
TEME (thromboembolic meningoencephalomyelitis)
Histophilus infection in cattle can lead to TEME. What is the pathognomonic lesion of TEME?
multifocal hemorrhage/necrosis of brain
With TEME in cattle, thrombosis leads to ischemia and necrosis, causing _______.
infarcts (heart & brain)
Apart from acute respiratory infection and TEME, __________ infections can also occur with Histophilus.
reproductive tract
(T/F) Bacterins can be used to prevent any Histophilus infection in cattle.
False - only TEME
Actinobacillus are gram (positive/negative) (cocci/spirochetes/rods).
gram-negative rods
What is the oxygen requirement for Actinobacillus?
facultative anaerobe
(T/F) Actinobacillus ferments sugars.
True
What makes Actinobacillus unique in culture?
“sticky” colonies
Match the bacterial species of Actinobacillus to the animal it infects:
- Cattle
- Sheep
- Equine
- A. lignieresii
- A. seminis
- A. equuli
What disease does Actinobacillus lignieresii cause in cattle?
Wooden Tongue
“Wooden Tongue” caused by Actinobacillus lignieresii in cattle leads to _________ when there is dental injury.
abscesses
Soft tissue abscesses in “Wooden Tongue” have calcium deposits in the pus called ________.
sulfur granules
How can Actinobacillus be differentiated by other bacterial organisms which cause abscesses in cattle?
gram-negative (others gram positive)
Actinobacillus seminis causes what problem in rams?
epididymitis
Epididymitis in rams caused by Actinobacillus causes what problem?
infertility
Which two Actinobacillus species cause disease in swine?
A. suis
A. pleuropneumoniae
Actinobacillus suis is an opportunistic bacterium which infects swine in (good/poor) health conditions.
good
Young pigs infected with Actinobacillus suis become infected via aerosols and develop __________.
acute septicemia
How can you differentiate an A. suis infection from an A. pleuropneumoniae infection in swine?
hemolysis on blood agar –> gold color (A. suis)
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a (primary/secondary) pathogen.
primary
There are 19 different strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based on ___________.
capsular antigens
A. pleuropneumoniae in swine cause what disease?
Contagious Pleuropneumonia
(T/F) Actinobacillus suis causes acute cough and leads to respiratory distress and death in pigs.
False - A. pleuropneumoniae
What kind of virulence factor does A. pleuropneumoniae use which is pore-forming, cytotoxic, and hemolytic?
RTX toxins
What disease in horses is caused by Actinobacillus equuli?
Sleepy Foal Syndrome
