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Bacteriology II > Bordetella, Histophilus, Actinobacillus (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Bordetella, Histophilus, Actinobacillus (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

PRDC (Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex) is caused by the bacterial initiator, __________ _________, and follower pathogen, ________ ________.

A

Initiator: Bordetella bronchiseptica
Follower: Pasteurella multocida

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2
Q

Bordetella bacteria are gram (negative/positive) (rod/cocci/spirochetes).

A

gram-negative rods

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3
Q

What is the oxygen requirement for Bordetella?

A

obligate aerobes

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4
Q

(T/F) Bordetella ferment sugars.

A

False

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5
Q

Other than fimbriae, what are the other adherence factors Bordetella uses?

A

filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA)
tracheal cytotoxin (TCT)

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6
Q

__________ is muramyl dipeptide shed during Bordetella infection, one of the virulence factors of Bordetella, which causes loss of ciliated epithelium.

A

tracheal cytotoxin

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7
Q

__________ is a Bordetella exotoxin which causes skin necrosis if injected intradermally.

A

dermonecrotic toxin

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8
Q

What Bordetella virulence factor inhibits phagocytosis by the host?

A

adenylate cyclase hemolysin

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9
Q

Which species of Bordetella causes disease in domestic mammals (swine, dog, cat, horse)?

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

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10
Q

In swine, Bordetella bronchiseptica causes pneumonia/PRDC and ___________, unique to pigs.

A

atrophic rhinitis

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11
Q

Progressive Atrophic Rhinitis in swine occurs when there is a co-infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica and what other bacteria?

A

Pasteurella multocida (Type D)

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12
Q

(T/F) Young pigs are most susceptible to Progressive Atrophic Rhinitis caused by Bordetella infection.

A

True

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13
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs can cause ___________, or “Kennel Cough”.

A

Infectious Tracheobronchitis

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14
Q

(T/F) Infectious Tracheobronchitis caused by Bordetella in dogs may or may not be associated with a viral infection too.

A

True

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15
Q

In Infectious Tracheobronchitis in dogs, the respiratory mucus layer is (increased/decreased) and cilia is lost.

A

decreased

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16
Q

What is the main clinical sign of Bordetella infection in dogs?

A

dry, hacking cough

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17
Q

CIRD, or Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex is when viruses predispose a dog to ________ infection.

A

bordetella

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18
Q

(T/F) Dogs that recover from Bordetella are immune.

A

True

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19
Q

Which species has a very low incidence of Bordetella infection?

A

horses

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20
Q

Which species of Bordetella causes Turkey coryza (rhinotracheitis) in Turkeys?

A

Bordetella avium

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21
Q

Originally, 3 Histophilus species were identified. Later, it was determined they are all genetically identically. Now, they are all referred to as:

A

Histophilus somni

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22
Q

Histophilus bacteria are gram (positive/negative) _______ rods.

A

negative
pleomorphic

23
Q

Histophilus is (obligate/facultative) intracellular.

A

facultative

24
Q

Histophilus is spread via ________ and causes respiratory infections and septicemia.

A

True

25
Q

Histophilus causes injury of ___________ via programmed cell death.

A

vascular endothelium

26
Q

Histophilus causes (acute/chronic) respiratory infection in cattle.

A

acute

27
Q

List the 4 sequelae / clinical manifestations of Acute Respiratory Infection caused by Histophilus in cattle.

A
  1. bronchopneumonia
  2. fibrinous pleuritis
  3. tracheitis
  4. necrotizing laryngitis
28
Q

Diagnosis of Histophilus in cattle is done via culture on ________ agar.

A

chocolate (heated blood agar)

29
Q

What acute septicemic disease occurs with cattle Histophilus infection?

A

TEME (thromboembolic meningoencephalomyelitis)

30
Q

Histophilus infection in cattle can lead to TEME. What is the pathognomonic lesion of TEME?

A

multifocal hemorrhage/necrosis of brain

31
Q

With TEME in cattle, thrombosis leads to ischemia and necrosis, causing _______.

A

infarcts (heart & brain)

32
Q

Apart from acute respiratory infection and TEME, __________ infections can also occur with Histophilus.

A

reproductive tract

33
Q

(T/F) Bacterins can be used to prevent any Histophilus infection in cattle.

A

False - only TEME

34
Q

Actinobacillus are gram (positive/negative) (cocci/spirochetes/rods).

A

gram-negative rods

35
Q

What is the oxygen requirement for Actinobacillus?

A

facultative anaerobe

36
Q

(T/F) Actinobacillus ferments sugars.

A

True

37
Q

What makes Actinobacillus unique in culture?

A

“sticky” colonies

38
Q

Match the bacterial species of Actinobacillus to the animal it infects:

  1. Cattle
  2. Sheep
  3. Equine
A
  1. A. lignieresii
  2. A. seminis
  3. A. equuli
39
Q

What disease does Actinobacillus lignieresii cause in cattle?

A

Wooden Tongue

40
Q

“Wooden Tongue” caused by Actinobacillus lignieresii in cattle leads to _________ when there is dental injury.

A

abscesses

41
Q

Soft tissue abscesses in “Wooden Tongue” have calcium deposits in the pus called ________.

A

sulfur granules

42
Q

How can Actinobacillus be differentiated by other bacterial organisms which cause abscesses in cattle?

A

gram-negative (others gram positive)

43
Q

Actinobacillus seminis causes what problem in rams?

A

epididymitis

44
Q

Epididymitis in rams caused by Actinobacillus causes what problem?

A

infertility

45
Q

Which two Actinobacillus species cause disease in swine?

A

A. suis
A. pleuropneumoniae

46
Q

Actinobacillus suis is an opportunistic bacterium which infects swine in (good/poor) health conditions.

A

good

47
Q

Young pigs infected with Actinobacillus suis become infected via aerosols and develop __________.

A

acute septicemia

48
Q

How can you differentiate an A. suis infection from an A. pleuropneumoniae infection in swine?

A

hemolysis on blood agar –> gold color (A. suis)

49
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a (primary/secondary) pathogen.

A

primary

50
Q

There are 19 different strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based on ___________.

A

capsular antigens

51
Q

A. pleuropneumoniae in swine cause what disease?

A

Contagious Pleuropneumonia

52
Q

(T/F) Actinobacillus suis causes acute cough and leads to respiratory distress and death in pigs.

A

False - A. pleuropneumoniae

53
Q

What kind of virulence factor does A. pleuropneumoniae use which is pore-forming, cytotoxic, and hemolytic?

A

RTX toxins

54
Q

What disease in horses is caused by Actinobacillus equuli?

A

Sleepy Foal Syndrome

Bacteriology II (22 decks)

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