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Bacteriology II > Leptospira (Exam 4) > Flashcards

Leptospira (Exam 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Leptospira is a gram (negative/positive) tightly-coiled, motile _______.

A

negative
spirochete

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1
Q

Pathogenic Leptospira has ___ (linear/circular) chromosome(s).

A

2 circular

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2
Q

What is the oxygen requirement for Leptospira?

A

obligate aerobic

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3
Q

(T/F) Leptospira has an LPS that is highly toxic to its host.

A

False (not as toxic as others)

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4
Q

Leptospira has an endoflagella located where?

A

periplasmic space

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5
Q

Leptospira is (sensitive/resistant) to dryness, heat, and disinfectants while (sensitive/resistant) to cool water.

A

sensitive
resistant

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6
Q

(T/F) Leptospira is highly immunogenic.

A

True

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7
Q

Leptospira _______ is divided into multiple pathogenic species based on serology & genetic analysis.

A

interrogans

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8
Q

There are only ___ to ___ serovars of Leptospira that are important pathogens in the US.

A

6-8

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9
Q

Leptospira interrogans as 4 important serovars:

A
  1. Icterohaemorrhagiae
  2. Canicola
  3. Pomona
  4. Bratislava
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10
Q

Leptospira kerschneri has which important serovar?

A

Grippotyphosa

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11
Q

Leptospira borgpetersenii has which important serovar?

A

Hardjo

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12
Q

(T/F) Leptospirosis is zoonotic.

A

True

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13
Q

Leptospirosis causes serious disease in which 3 species?

A

dogs
cattle
swine

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14
Q

Horses and sheep are relatively _______ to Leptospira.

A

resistant

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15
Q

_______ are susceptible to Leptospira infection but resistant to clinical disease.

A

cats

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16
Q

Which wild animal has periodic outbreaks and high death due to Leptospira infection?

A

sea lions

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17
Q

(T/F) Humans are susceptible to ALL common serovars of Leptospira.

A

True

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18
Q

Culture of Leptospira is only completed in major diagnostic labs. Which 3 types of samples are used?

A
  1. urine
  2. blood
  3. tissues (kidney, liver, brain)
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19
Q

Leptospira in culture grows (quickly/slowly).

A

slowly

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20
Q

Culture of pathogenic Leptospira requires 3 nutritional factors:

A
  1. albumin
  2. lipid
  3. vitamin B12
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21
Q

For Leptospira culture, _______ and _______ media are used in combination with rabbit serum.

A

Stuart’s
Fletcher’s

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22
Q

_______ medium is an option for Leptospira culture WIHTOUT added serum.

A

Ellinghausen

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23
Q

Which selective agent, a pyrimidine antagonist, is required for culture of Leptospira?

A

5-fluorouracil

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24
Q

Leptospira can be transmitted by enty into which two locations?

A
  1. mucosal surfaces (oral, nasal, genital)
  2. skin (injured/softened)
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25
Q

List 4 routes of Leptospira transmission. Which is most common?

A
  1. ingestion (most common)
  2. venereal
  3. inhalation
  4. skin
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26
Q

_______ from infected animals, especially wildlife, is especially important in the spread of Leptospira.

A

urine

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27
Q

In addition to urine, _________ are another source of Leptospira transmission.

A

aborted fetuses

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28
Q

List the 3 clinical responses/syndromes that can occur with Leptospirosis.

A
  1. inapparent/subclinical
  2. acute septicemic
  3. subacute
29
Q

Which clinical response to Leptospira is the most common?

A

inapparent/subclinical

30
Q

Inapparent or subclinical Leptospirosis localizes at the _______ and can cause Leptospiremia, leading to chronic shedding.

A

kidneys

31
Q

Acute Septicemic Leptospirosis occurs in _______ dogs, cattle, swine, and horses.

A

young

32
Q

Acute Septicemic Leptospirosis is an acute ______ disease, causing severe tissue damage.

A

febrile

33
Q

Subacute Leptospirosis causes which 3 less severe clinical signs?

A
  1. abortion
  2. infertility
  3. ocular disease
34
Q

Ocular disease due to Subacute Leptospirosis primarily occurs in:

A

horses

35
Q

Acute Leptospirosis is transmitted via ingestion/inhalation and primary multiplication in the _______.

A

liver

36
Q

Match the Acute Septicemic Leptospirosis signs to the species it is most likely to cause them in:

  1. hepatic lesions, jaundice
  2. anemia & hemoglobinuria
  3. hemorrhage
  4. abortion, infertility
A
  1. dogs
  2. ruminants
  3. dogs & young calves
  4. adult swine & cattle
37
Q

Asymptomatic Leptospirosis initially localizes in the kidneys and after an extended time, leads to:

A

renal failure & death

38
Q

_____ antibody removes Leptospira via agglutination and ____ antibody primarily neutralizes it via opsonization & phagocytosis.

A

IgM
IgG

39
Q

The immune response to Leptospira clears it from ALL tissues except:

A

kidney

40
Q

(T/F) Specific Leptospira serovars offer life-long immunity and cross-immunity.

A

True

41
Q

In Acute Leptospirosis, the animal will become seropositive after what period of time after initial infection?

A

2-4 weeks

42
Q

__________ tests are used for diagnosis of Leptospirosis.

A

agglutination

43
Q

Agglutination Tests can be divided into ________ & _______ Agglutination Tests.

A

macroscopic
microscopic

44
Q

(Macroscopic/Microscopic) Agglutination Tests use killed antigen and is not very sensitive, so used less often for Leptospirosis.

A

macroscopic

45
Q

Microscopic Agglutination Test is the standard test for Leptospirosis and uses (live/killed) Leptospira as antigens.

A

live

46
Q

Microscopic Agglutination Test determines which _______ of Leptospira you have.

A

serovar

47
Q

(T/F) Bacterins are available for Leptospirosis and cross-protection occurs between serovars.

A

False (NO cross-protection!)

48
Q

Majority of current US cases of Canine Leptospirosis are caused by which serovar?

A

Grippotyphosa

49
Q

Which 3 animals are carrier hosts for Canine Leptospirosis (serovar Grippotyphosa)?

A

skunk, opossum, raccoon

50
Q

(T/F) Abortion is a major problem in Canine Leptospirosis.

A

False! (not major problem like livestock & horses)

51
Q

Dogs from ___ to ___ years are often affected by Canine Leptospirosis, showing non-specific signs.

A

1-3

52
Q

Which two forms of acute disease occur in dogs with Leptospirosis?

A

acute renal failure
liver damage

53
Q

Acute Renal Failure in dogs due to leptospirosis occurs due to acute _________ nephritis and azotemia.

A

interstitial

54
Q

Liver damage due to Acute Leptospirosis in dogs occurs from a hemorrhagic vasculitis mainly caused by which serovars?

A

Pomona

55
Q

Which clinical pathology sign is seen with Canine Leptospirosis?

A

azotemia

56
Q

Canine Leptospirosis is confirmed primarily by:

A

serodiagnosis

57
Q

Leptospirosis in horses is mainly due to which serovar?

A

Pomona

58
Q

(T/F) Most horses do not develop clinical disease with Leptospira.

A

True

59
Q

List the 2 most common signs of Leptospirosis in horses.

A

recurrent uveitis (moon blindness)
abortion

60
Q

Which is more common in horses: Acute & Subacute Leptospirosis or Inapparent Infection?

A

inapparent infection

61
Q

Which two serovars are the primary ones that cause Swine Leptospirosis?

A

Pomona
Bratislava

62
Q

Leptospirosis is the most common cause of ______ in swine in the US.

A

abortion

63
Q

________ serovar of Leptospira is associated with swine infertility, mummified fetuses, late abortion, and slowed growth.

A

Bratislava

64
Q

______ leptospirosis is rare in swine.

A

acute

65
Q

Which Leptospira serovar is the most common in cattle?

A

Hardjo

66
Q

Acute Septicemia caused by Leptospira in cattle causes what primary clinical sign?

A

hemolytic anemia

67
Q

What differential has similar signs to Acute Septicemic Bovine Leptospirosis?

A

bacillary hemoglobinuria

68
Q

(T/F) Human-to-human transmission of Leptospirosis is a common route of transport.

A

False

69
Q
A

Bacteriology II (22 decks)

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