Music Section 4 Flashcards
What piece is regarded as the oldest surviving European study of human ecology?
Written around the fourth century bce, Hippocrates, nicknamed the “Father of Medicine,” wrote De aëre, aquis, et locis (“Air, Waters, and Places”) which is regarded as the oldest surviving European study of human ecology.
What does ecology examine?
Ecology is a field of biology that examines the relationships between organisms and their physical environment.
What contributions did King Edward I exut to protect the natural world?
The British monarch King Edward I banned the burning of coal in London in 1306 because of the noxious smoke it produced.
Why was there resistance towards addressing the noxious vapors during the 16 century in England?
During the 16th century air quality a preserving concern in England, and a royal commission was launched to investigate “noxious vapors” that various industrial factories were producing, since witnesses were reporting “damage to trees, crops, vegetation and human health.” However, there was resistance to the commission’s findings because addressing the issues would often come at a financial cost.
What did Silent Spring documented about the effects of the chemical pesticide DDT?
Published in 1962, Silent spring demonstrated how DDT entered the food chain and accumulated in the fatty tissues of animals, including human beings, and caused cancer and genetic damage.
What did Silent Spring accomplished regarding DDT production?
Despite enormous pushback from the chemical industry, the President’s Science Advisory Committee vindicated Carson’s findings, and DDT was eventually banned.
What wide spread message and ideals did Silent Spring left as legacy?
People began to understand that “nature was vulnerable to human intervention,” and that, “at times, technological progress is so fundamentally at odds with natural processes that it must be curtailed.” Some see the widespread acceptance of the need to regulate industry in order to protect the planet as the birth of environmentalism.
What does Ron Cobb’s ecology symbol stand for?
Devised in 1969 in the Los Angeles Free Press on November 7. This symbol combined a lower-case “e” (for “environment”) with an “o” (for “organism”); the unbroken elliptical outer line of the “e” represented the planetary orbit, while the round nature of the inner “o” was a symbol for unity and wholeness. This symbol would later be added to the ecology flag.
How was Earth Day borne?
U.S. senator, Gaylord Nelson, wanted to raise awareness of environmental issues and promoted a series of informal lectures on college campuses. A volunteer for that campaign, Julien Koenig, suggested the term “Earth Day” to happen on his birthday April 22, which became an annual event to honor the need to protect the environment.
What turn did folk music take in the late 1960s?
Folk music and protest activities had become intertwined in the late 1960s, led by singers such as Pete Seeger, Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, and the group Peter, Paul and Mary.
What album earned Joni Mitchell her first Grammy award?
Clouds. The album included “Both Sides Now” and “Chelsea Morning,” two songs by Mitchell that had been previously performed by other artists. Clouds rose to Number 31 on the Billboard charts and led to hers first Grammy award, for “Best Folk Performance.”
What inspired Mitchell to write the Big Yellow Taxi?
Thought the windows of a hotel room in Hawaii she a “paradise” (green, lush hills, old Sugarloaf Mountain, white birds, Myna birds) and, right in the middle of it all, was a big parking lot. This inspired the one of themes, “misguided destruction of ‘paradise’ for the sake of money,” in her song.
What pesticide is referenced in Mitchell’s “Big Yellow Taxi’?
Mitchell references DDT, urging that it not be used in agriculture—a timely concern, since it would still be two more years before the United States would ban the pesticide.
What music genre is Big Yellow Taxi?
The environmental topics of “Big Yellow Taxi” led Mitchell to dub its upbeat style as “Ecology rock ’n’ roll.”
How does Mitchell create contrast in Big yellow taxi?
Mitchell creates contrast by shifting the harmony during each chorus, along with changes in the guitar’s strumming pattern and the number of accompanying instruments.
Who said “A man can do all things if he will” and what was the nickname associated with that quote
Leon Battista Alberti and the “Renaissance man”
Where was Donald Glover born
Kern county California
What religious group was Donald Glover a part of growing up
Jehovah’s Witness
At his highschool graduation Donald Glover got voted as most likely to write for what show
The Simpsons
What did Donald Glovers parents work as
A postal worker (His father) and, a Daycare worker (his Mother)
What did Donald Glovers put in his resume/application that got him a major writing job
A script of a Simpson episode he thought of
What was the pseudonym that Donald Glover made Rap under
Childish Gambino
What year did Donald Glover first release any songs
2008
when did Donald Glover get his first Grammy, and what song was it for
2018 for “Redbone”
When was feel like summer released
2018
who wrote feel like summer
Donald Grover
What is the song “Feel like summer” trying to talk about
climate change
Where did Donald Grover grow up
Stone mountain, Georgia
What was the first animated series Donald Grover worked on
The Simpsons
What art school did Donald Grover attend
Tisch School for Arts in New York
What did Rachel Carson’s 1962 book about the dangers of DDT helped rase awareness for?
That industry needs to be monitored to ensure that the environment is protected.
How far does the oldest known study of ecology date back to?
The fourth century BCE
Why was a 1969 ecology symbol added to a flag?
In support of the first Earth Day gatherings in
1970.
How many people took part in the first Earth Day gatherings?
20 Million people.
What did Joni Mitchell call the style of her 1970 song?
“Ecology rock ’n’ roll,”
What song does Rolling Stone Magazine have listed as Number 48 in the “500 Greatest Songs of
All Time.”?
“Idioteque”
How did Donald Glover get the name of “Childish Gambino
A name-generator on the Wu-Tang
Clan website.
What job did Einaudi’s grandfather used to have?
He is a former president of Italy.
Who helped Einaudi learn to have an open way of thinking about music?
Composer Luciano Berio (1925–2003).
Who made Icarus in Flight (2018)?
Richard Festinger (b. 1948).
Which climate-focused composition that received worldwide attention in 2016?
Elegy for the Arctic
Who made is Audyssey (2022)?
Eduardo Del Signore (b. circa 1955),
What was Audyssey (2022) created for?
The Climate Music Project.
What did Greenpeace lobby in 2016?
In 2016, Greenpeace was lobbying the delegates to that year’s OSPAR Commission meeting to create a sanctuary in the fragile international waters around the North Pole that would protect it from destructive industries such as drilling and over-fishing.
What is the nature of an elegy?
The nature of an elegy is sorrowful or melancholy, and it is often intended to mourn one who is dead.
When was the Climate Music Project founded and what is their aspiration?
Founded 2014, to unite “science + music + action” It is a nonprofit organization
Stephan Crawford was the founder of “Climate Music Project” what did he serve as a director of outside of the project?
U.S. Department of Commerce’s Commercial Service office while a student at Tufts University
How is a Climate Music Project’s Concert set up?
Performance is introduced by climate scientist, followed by Q&A Panel, or other call to action. Each Concert “pairs an original composition with a visualization of one aspect of climate change”
Who wrote “Elegy for the Arctic” (2016)?
Ludovico Einaudi
What is Greenpeace?
an organization devoted to peaceful activism on behalf of the environment, it had gotten underway in 1971 when a group of British Columbians were alarmed about U.S Nuclear weapon testing on Amchitka Island off of Alaska’s cost
What did Greenpeace commission Ludovico Einaudi to assist them with in 2016?
A company to persuade the Convention for Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (better known as OSPAR commission) to create marine sanctuary. This made Einaudi write “Elegy for the Arctic”
The Tempo Project was lead by Dr. Lucy Jones who wrote “In Nomine Terra Calens: In the name of a warming Earth” (2019) for a voila da gamba ensemble. What did the Bass Viols play and what was it derived from?
It was derived from the Earth’s average surface temperature data for 138 years; the melody starts on the instruments lowest pitch and ends on the highest pitch
“Feels Like Summer” (2018) used a contemporary R&B approach what was the song form that he used and what lyrical meaning was within it?
It was set in Verse-Chorus form with a pre-chorus. The Lyrics made a clear reference to environmental threats stemming from ever-warming planet. He employed Word-Painting to simulate the silence that would result from loss of birds
True or False: Einaudi’s “Elegy for the Arctic” reaches a clear conclusion where the mourning of the piece is brought to light
False: The Piece does not reach a clear conclusion; instead, it leaves listeners hanging on a unresolved leading tone (E natural)
What kind of mood does “Elegy for the Arctic” by Lodovico Einaudi have?
It’s a mournful piece for the ecological suffering of the Arctic Region. It’s minor mode reinforced with pedal tones contrasting with Delicato passages.
What form does “Elegy for the Arctic” (2016) by Lodovico Einaudi follow?
A-B-C-A’-A
What did the Steinway & Sons Corporation point out as “the northernmost grand piano concert ever held.”?
Elegy for the Arctic by Ludovico Einaudi
What are some performance details for “Elegy for the Arctic” (2016) Ludovico Einaudii?
Since the sun does not set in the Arctic in June, filming began half-hour past midnight. Einaudi brought audio recording as back up but ended up being very happy with the tuning and action of the piano despite the cold. (It was around 0 degree C/ 32 degrees F)
How does “Elegy for the Arctic” (2016) begin?
Left hand sustains a pedal tone “F” in octaves; right hand plays two phrases of slowly rising melody in F minor (Harmonized in sixths) marked “rubato”; third archlike phrase ends with Leading Tone
What three nations blocked all attempts to create the protected Arctic region according to the video posted June 20th 2016?
Norway, Denmark, and Iceland
Who published Silent Spring?
Rachel Carson
Who’s picture was taken standing in front of Yosemite Valley in 1906?
John Muir and President Theodore Roosevelt
What year did John Muir began writing essays about the Sierra Nevada?
1872
When was the Sierra club founded
1892
When was Yellowstone established?
1872
What was the second national park?
Sequoia 1890
The National Park Service itself was created in what year?
1916
When did Britain pass a “Clean Air Act”?
1956
When did America pass an act similar to the “Clean Air Act”?
1963
When was America’s version of the clean air act strengthen?
1970
Who wrote Walden; or Life in the Woods
Henry David Thoreau
Who inspired the Author of Walden; or Life in the Woods
Ralph Waldo Emerson’s
When did Joni Mitchell adapt the nickname “Joni”
until she reached high school in 1957.183
How did Joni get her Surname?
From her ex husband and fold singer Chuck Mitchell
Who was responsible for the first layer of material for “Idioteque”?
Jonny Greenwood.
What track number is “Idioteque” on the album Kid A?
Eighth track.
What type of equipment did Greenwood use to create the drum sounds?
Old-style synthesizers.
What does the term “ostinato” refer to in music?
A persistent repeating pattern.
What genre does the drum pattern in “Idioteque” resemble?
Electronic Dance Music (EDM).
What does theorist Brad Osborn suggest the syllable “-teque” in “Idioteque” refers to?
“Discothèque,” indicating it’s a dance piece.
How is “Idioteque” sometimes categorized aside from EDM?
Intelligent Dance Music (IDM).
Who wrote the “Tristan chord”?
Richard Wagner
In what year did Paul Lansky compose his piece mild und leise?
1972–73.
Which composer’s work did Greenwood sample for “Idioteque”?
Paul Lansky
What type of meter is the drum pattern in “Idioteque” transcribed in?
^ meter
What does “fx” stand for in the context of the “Idioteque” score?
Effects, or artificially created sounds.
What is the significance of the voice in “Idioteque”?
It enhances the sense of stress and hysteria.
What does melismatic text-setting involve?
Extending a syllable over several different pitches.
What type of images does Yorke’s lyrics in “Idioteque” evoke?
Anxious postmodern images, often with environmental themes.
What is the more gender inclusive nickname instead of ‘Renaissance man’ to describe a person who is” gifted and skilled in many different areas”?
polymath
How did Donald Glover (the composer of Listening Companion 13: “Feels Like Summer” (2018) come up with pseudonym ‘Chidish Gambino’ under which he’d write rap?
he had taken it from a name generating tool on the website of the hip-hop group Wu-Tang Clan
When is it evident in Listening Companion 12: “Feels Like Summer” (2018) by Donald Glover (aka Childish Gambino) that there is a darker meaning behind the lyrics than is originally thought due to the song having a “lush and rhythmic” background that sounds like a “night club party” despite the mode being minor?
in the pre-chorus (the section of the song that functions as a transition between the verse and chorus
What idea, that is suggested by the title Listening Companion 13: “Feels Like Summer” (2018) composed by Donald Glover (aka Childish Gambino), does the introduction and first verse of this song support?
that the song will be similar in character to “Summertime Magic” which was also composed by Donald Glover
In the pre-chorus of Listening Companion 13: “Feels Like Summer” (2018) composed by Donald Glover (aka Childish Gambino), how does Glover express his worry of Earth being and rapidly becoming too overcrowded? (Hint: Marvin Gaye also fretted about the overcrowded land”)
by referencing the “seven billion souls” on the planet that are rolling even faster despite mankind building machinery that takes control over our choices
In Listening Companion 13: “Feels Like Summer” (2018) composed by Donald Glover (aka Childish Gambino), what is the significance of the minor mode in the first chorus?
subconsciously prepares the audience for the chorus’s last rather defeated phrase “but it just seems the same” after the previous lines in the chorus expressed hope that the world would change
When in Listening Companion 13: “Feels Like Summer” (2018) composed by Donald Glover (aka Childish Gambino), does Glover clarifies his environmental concerns?
the second pre-chorus as he it is not done in the second verse because it is very similar to the first verse
What is word painting, and how is it used in Listening Companion 13: “Feels Like Summer” (2018) composed by Donald Glover (aka Childish Gambino)?
word painting is a technique in which a composer uses musical elements to help convey a word’s literal meaning; it has been popular since the Renassaince era. In our listening example, this technique is used in the second pre-chorus when he sings the lyric “no sound” and all other background noises disappear as his word fade away.
How does using the musical technique word painting in his piece Listening Companion 13: “Feels Like Summer” (2018), allow Donald Glover (aka Childish Gambino) help him prove his point?
after a moment of utter silence, the background music resumes which proves Gembino’s point that we tend to about out normal business rather than address the Earth’s urgent needs
What does the last line (“Oh, I hope we change”) of Listening Companion 13: “Feels Like Summer” (2018) composed by Donald Glover (aka Childish Gambino) emphasize?
the unlikelihood that his hopes [of people to stop ignoring the planets needs and begin to address climate change] being realized due to it being almost inaudible
How come there are no song reviews that mention the animation Donald Glover (aka Childish Gambino) created to support his song Listening Companion 13: “Feels Like Summer” (2018)?
because when the two Summer Pack tracks were first released (dropped) the video had no been released yet, and it would not be until September 2, 2018
True or False? Due to Donald Glover waiting six weeks before dropping his animated video to support his song Listening Companion 13; “Feels Like Summer” (2018), the extensive reviews that were written therefore focused more on the lyrics and message of his song?
False; despite viewers having six weeks to listen and absorb his message of environmental concerns found in the lyrics as soon as the video became released all the attention was diverted away from the real meaning of the songs. This perfectly demonstrated how celebrity obsession allows us to completely disregard the more uncomfortable messages/facts
When Donald Grover (aka Childish Gambino) released an extended version of “Feels Like Summer”, he added it to his RCA album, 3.15.20 (which was released March 15th, 2020) and retitled the name to what?
42.26 (reflecting its position, timewise, from the start of the recording)
What does the Tempo Project (led by Dr. Lucy Jones) believe?
that music can inspire action and “that it can be used to change the emotional climate about climate change”
In her composition “In the Nomine Terra Calens: In the name of a warming Earth”, how does Dr. Lucy Jones generate a bass line that is played by a bass viol (synonym for viola da gamba)?
by using Earth’s average surface temperature data from the previous 138 years (1880 to 2017)
