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AcaDec 2024_25 Climate > Art Section 1 > Flashcards

Art Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What art form was the MOST important in establishing the identity of the emerging U.S.?

A

Portraiture

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2
Q

What is the primary purpose of art history?

A

To understand a work of art in its original context

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3
Q

Aesthetics is BEST defined as

A

Study of the nature and expression of beauty

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4
Q

What is NOT typically included in the category of fine art?

A

Pottery

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5
Q

What art forms are most often considered craft art?

A

Posters and tattoos

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6
Q

The meaning of artwork is NOT

A

Fixed

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7
Q

Art analysis that focuses specifically on the visual elements of an artwork?

A

Formal

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8
Q

An art critic using formal analysis would be MOST interested in the

A

Work of art itself

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9
Q

The broadest definition of contextual analysis is

A

Outside information important to a work of art

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10
Q

An art element that is LEAST different in a reproduction of an artwork

A

Composition

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11
Q

What field of study is BEST suited for cultures that rely on oral rather than written history

A

Anthropology

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12
Q

What ancient Roman philosopher analyzed historical artworks in “Natural History”?

A

Pliny the Elder

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13
Q

Giorgio Vasari’s “The Lives of the Artists” outlined the

A

developing roles of artists in society

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14
Q

Johann Joachim Winckelmann was notable for shifting art history to focus on?

A

Stylistic development

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15
Q

Why do modern art historians focus more on ancient Egyptian art rather than ancient West African art?

A

Egypt’s climate allows ancient art to be preserved for longer than in West Africa

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16
Q

The Chauvet Cave paintings are found in modern-day?

A

France

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17
Q

What animals appear in the cave paintings at Lascaux and Altamira?

A

lions, bison, horses, mammoths

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18
Q

What function did the statue “The Venus of Willendorf” likely serve?

A

fertility figure

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19
Q

What development first caused Europeans in the Middle Stone Age to move away from cave dwellings?

A

An increase in temperatures prompted a transition to rock shelters

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20
Q

Stonehenge is a classic example of artistic production from the?

A

New Stone Age

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21
Q

The sarsen at Stonehenge is a type of?

A

Sandstone

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22
Q

Why did ancient Mesopotamia witness more invasions than ancient Egypt?

A

Mesopotamia lacked Egypt’s natural protections

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23
Q

Ancient Sumerian ziggurats were both temples and

A

Economic hubs

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24
Q

Hammurabi is known most today for his surviving

A

Law code (Code of Hammurabi)

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25
Q

What group ruled Mesopotamia first?

A

the Akkadians

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26
Q

The Ishtar Gate is known for its depictions of?

A

animal figures

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27
Q

What city was home to the Persian Empire’s most famous royal palace?

A

Persepolis

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28
Q

The Egyptian artistic practice of showing influential people as larger in works is known as?

A

Hierarchical scale

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29
Q

What Egyptian pharaoh’s tomb is most significant today?

A

Tutankhamun’s

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30
Q

What civilization existed first?

A

Cycladic

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31
Q

The Minoan civilization flourished on the island of?

A

Crete

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32
Q

What art form was NOT prevalent in the Cycladic civilization?

A

Iron pendants

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33
Q

The Minoans’ greatest architectural projects were the construction of several

A

Palaces

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34
Q

How did Archaic Greek art differ MOST from that of ancient Egyptians?

A

Archaic Greek art prioritized accurate depiction of human features

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35
Q

“Contrapposto” is BEST described as a technique in which a

A

Figure leans on one leg to create a greater sense of realism

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36
Q

The Parthenon’s restoration is the most famous architectural achievement of the

A

Middle Classical Period

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37
Q

What region had the most influence on Greek culture during the Hellenistic Period?

A

Asia Minor

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38
Q

Modern art historians’ primary sources for Etruscan art are?

A

decorated tombs

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39
Q

The ancient Romans pioneered the use of?

A

Concrete

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40
Q

Why did Roman sculpture depart from naturalistic depictions of human figures?

A

Roman sculptors created idealized depictions that were in line with broader societal values

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41
Q

What art media is most closely associated with the Byzantine period?

A

Mosaics

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42
Q

The dominant literary language in medieval western Europe was?

A

Latin

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43
Q

Hiberno-Saxon refers to an artistic and cultural overlap of the English, Irish, and the

A

Vikings

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44
Q

What church is an important example of Romanesque architecture?

A

Saint-Sernin Basilica

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45
Q

What artist is most associated with the transition between the Gothic and Renaissance periods?

A

Giotto di Bondone

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46
Q

Who designed the “Gates of Paradise”?

A

Lorenzo Ghiberti

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47
Q

What artist first popularized linear perspective?

A

Masaccio

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48
Q

Donatello is best known for his?

A

David

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49
Q

Michelangelo di Buonarotti sculpted what statues?

A

“Moses”, “The Bound Slave”, “The Dying Slave”, “David”

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50
Q

Leonardo da Vinci pioneered

A

sfumato

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51
Q

What artist is best known for introducing nude statues to the Renaissance?

A

Donatello

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52
Q

Why was Michelangelo di Buonarotti initially hesitant to accept the commission to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?

A

The pope had canceled the previous commission

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53
Q

What artist is best known for the use of chiaroscuro?

A

Tintoretto

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54
Q

How did “The Tempest” most revolutionize Renaissance art?

A

by highlighting the landscape

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55
Q

Titian Vecelli was best known for his?

A

portraits

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56
Q

What artist is most known for depictions of the Madonna?

A

Raphael Sanzio

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57
Q

How did the Reformation most affect Renaissance art?

A

It encouraged artists to focus on secular themes

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58
Q

What artist is best known for his association with the Counter-Reformation?

A

Dominikos Theotokopoulos (aka El Greco)

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59
Q

The Renaissance in Northern and Southern Europe differed

A

Artworks in the north were smaller, classical art influenced southern artists, northern art was more detailed, northern artists used more oil paints

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60
Q

Matthias Grunewald is best know for art depicting?

A

Religious scenes

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61
Q

The term “caravaggesque” refers to the use of?

A

Chiaroscuro

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62
Q

Who engraved “The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse”?

A

Albrecht Durer

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63
Q

Hans Holbein the Younger was a court painter in?

A

England

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64
Q

True statement in comparing Baroque and the Renaissance

A

Baroque art was more dynamic than Renaissance art

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65
Q

Who painted the “Isenheim Altarpiece”?

A

Matthias Grunewald

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66
Q

Why did several patrons reject Caravaggio’s works?

A

The paintings depicted religious figures and other individuals in threadbare garments

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67
Q

Artemisia Gentileschi is best known for?

A

Her religious art

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68
Q

Who created “Ecstasy of Saint Teresa”?

A

Gianlorenzo Bernini

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69
Q

What Baroque artist came from Northern Europe?

A

Peter Paul Rubens

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70
Q

What monarch approved the creation of the “Salon”?

A

King Louis XIV

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71
Q

Diego Velazquez painted for

A

King Philip IV

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72
Q

Diego Velazquez most influenced?

A

Impressionism

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73
Q

The Baroque style mainly focused on portraying?

A

emotions

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74
Q

Who developed the fete galante genre of painting?

A

Jean-Antoine Watteau

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75
Q

Who most influenced the works of Honore Fragonard?

A

Francois Boucher

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76
Q

What historical event most coincided with the development of Neoclassicism?

A

French Revolution of 1789

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77
Q

What branch of philosophy most influenced Neoclassicism?

A

Enlightenment

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78
Q

How did Jacques Louis David’s paintings for Napoleon Bonaparte differ from his earlier works?

A

He previously championed republican virtues, but his paintings for Napoleon Bonaparte were akin to propaganda

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79
Q

Jean Dominque Ingres’s rival worked in the style of

A

Romanticism (his rival was Eugene Delacroix)

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80
Q

The Baroque style and the Romantic style shared an emphasis on?

A

emotion

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81
Q

Realism can be considered a reaction to?

A

Neoclassicism and Romanticism

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82
Q

What Realist artwork caused outrage at the Salon?

A

“The Stonebreakers” by Gustave Courbet’s

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83
Q

Impressionism arose out of disillusionment with?

A

Academic painting

84
Q

Who is considered the first Impressionist?

A

Edouard Manet

85
Q

Why was “Luncheon on the Grass” scandalous?

A

It featured a nude woman surrounded by clothed men

86
Q

Who painted the artwork that is the namesake of the Impressionist movement?

A

Claude Monet painted “Impression, Sunrise” in 1872

87
Q

Impressionist artists applied new scientific knowledge related to?

A

Shadows

88
Q

How did Paul Cezanne modify Impressionist painting practices?

A

He stuctured his compositions in terms of form

89
Q

What element most unifies Post-Impressionism?

A

Color

90
Q

Who painted “Night Cafe”?

A

Vincent van Gogh

91
Q

Before his art career, Paul Gauguin was a

A

stockbroker

92
Q

How did the invention of the camera affect the art world?

A

Artists eventually moved away from realism

93
Q

The Pre-Raphaelites primarily responded to the?

A

Industrial Revolution

94
Q

What art movement is Henri Matisse most associated with?

A

Fauvism

95
Q

What artist contributed to the De Stijl movement?

A

Piet Mondrian

96
Q

What is the De Stijl movement?

A

Abstract art with geometric elements, primary colors, and values

97
Q

How did the Armory Show affect American art?

A

It acquinted Americans with modern art movements

98
Q

What art work belongs in the Dadaist movement?

A

Duchamp’s “Fountain” (ridiculing societal norms)

99
Q

What artist is most associated with Surrealism?

A

Rene Magritte

100
Q

What type of works is Marcel Duchamp best known for?

A

ready-mades

101
Q

What artist served on the faculty of the Bauhaus?

A

Josef Albers

102
Q

Cubism was most associated with theories of ?

A

Psychology

103
Q

The Pre-Raphaelites most strongly influenced?

A

Art Nouveau

104
Q

Where did the center for international art shift after World War II?

A

New York

105
Q

Art that addressed WWI was often?

A

Propagandistic

106
Q

Whose dictum did Abstract Expressionist artists follow?

A

Kandinsky’s

107
Q

What artist was known for creating “combines”/

A

Robert Rouschenberg

108
Q

What statement best explains why 1950s New York art critics were powerful?

A

Critics chose which view of art itself to promote

109
Q

What artist painted using stencils?

A

Robert Indiana

110
Q

What art movement depicted subject matter in sharp focus?

A

Photorealism

111
Q

Hard-edge painting developed with the invention of?

A

airbrushes

112
Q

What change is most associated with the artworld of the 1970s?

A

Creation of large-scale and temporary artworks

113
Q

What type of art was Christo known for?

A

Earthworks

114
Q

To execute large projects in collaboration with her partner, Jeanne-Claude was responsible for?

A

logistics

115
Q

Performance Art, by nature, is?

A

transitory

116
Q

How do the Guerrilla Girls conceal their identity?

A

Wearing masks in public

117
Q

What building contains a specific retaliation against Bauhaus architecture?

A

At&T building

118
Q

Postmoderist art is best described as

A

Varied in form and style

119
Q

What dynasty is considered China’s golden age?

A

Tang Dynasty

120
Q

What emperor had sculptures of his entire army buried with him?

A

Emperor of Qin

121
Q

What ancient civilization influenced images of Buddha in India?

A

Greece

122
Q

What country has the greatest linguistic diversity?

A

India

123
Q

What religion influenced the art of ancient China, India, and Japan?

A

Buddhism

124
Q

What civilization most influenced the Yoruba cultural group?

A

Nok

125
Q

In what country would you most likely find a Benin artifact?

A

United States

126
Q

What art form most often preserved Polynesian body arts before the invention of photography?

A

Engravings

127
Q

One of the Asmat tribe’s cultural symbols is a ______ decorated red, black, and white?

A

Shields

128
Q

Located in Jerusalem, one of the oldest and most famous examples of Islamic architecture is the?

A

Dome of the Rock

129
Q

A false fact about Islamic art and architecture?

A

Most Islamic art is figurative

130
Q

What structure is a North American pyramid?

A

Pyramid of the Sun, located in Mexico

131
Q

Most artifacts from the Americas are from at the most the last

A

2,000 years

132
Q

Curving lines create feelings of

A

activity

133
Q

Why did Medieval churches usually have high arched ceilings?

A

To direct the eye upward

134
Q

The use of shading, foreshortening, and perspective call all create the illusion of?

A

Form

135
Q

Sculptures that project strongly from a surface are said to be in

A

High relief

136
Q

Use of aerial perspective affect the color of objects that are far away by?

A

Making them appear more neutral in color

137
Q

What era’s paintings frequently feature black and white checkerboard floors?

A

Renaissance

138
Q

Who developed the concepts that underly the color wheel?

A

Isaac Newton

139
Q

What term is synonymous with the lightness or darkness of a color?

A

Value

140
Q

Optical color considers

A

effects of special lighting on a color

141
Q

In painting, the term rhythm is most associated with?

A

pattern

142
Q

Smallest unit of pattern is

A

motif

143
Q

Most formal styles of architecture employ

A

exact symmetry

144
Q

When were the standards for the relative sizes of parts of the human face & body developed?

A

Classical period

145
Q

By standard rules of proportion, how tall is the ideal human figure?

A

Seven and one-half heads

146
Q

An artist desiring a thin, light line will use?

A

a hard pencil

147
Q

Ink can be diluted to create a

A

Wash (lighter in value due to translucent quality)

148
Q

What media is more durable than pastels but has similar blending properties?

A

Colored pencil

149
Q

Etching and engraving are similar in that both processes

A

Cause the printed area to rise above the paper’s surface

150
Q

What process is an example of relief printmaking?

A

Stamping

151
Q

What materials can be used in lithography?

A

wax, stone, zince, aluminum

152
Q

Why might lithography be more popular than other methods of engravinge?

A

It requires no professional training

153
Q

What materials allows paint to adhere to a surface?

A

Binder

154
Q

To create a fresco, powdered pigment is mixed with?

A

Plaster

155
Q

What substance does tempera traditionally use as a binder?

A

Egg

156
Q

Oil paint applied in thick layers or lumps results in?

A

Impasto

157
Q

What type of paint was developed most recently?

A

Acrylic

158
Q

How did photography influence the art world?

A

Pushed painters to explore completely new styles

159
Q

Chiseling away of a stone sculpture is an example of?

A

Carving

160
Q

What art procedure is an example of modeling?

A

clay added to the surface of an object

161
Q

In cast form, the original form is?

A

Encased in plaster

162
Q

What type of art is most commonly considered to be a form of sculpture?

A

environmental

163
Q

Joseph Cornell was notable for?

A

Filling open boxes with symbolic objects

164
Q

In what form is clay most shaped and then stacked to create different vessels?

A

Coil

165
Q

Slip refers to?

A

Liquid clay

166
Q

What function is the most important use of the kiln in pottery?

A

removing moisture out of the clay

167
Q

Glassblowing allowed for?

A

creation of glass vessels

168
Q

Architecture is best defined as?

A

art of designing and constructing buildings

169
Q

The Greek-Parthenon is an example of?

A

Post-and-lintel construction

170
Q

Antoni Gaudi’s architectural style can best be described as?

A

Organic

171
Q

Church’s role in the art world during the Medieval period can best be described as?

A

Significant patron of the classical arts

172
Q

An institution or person who commissions an artist to make an artwork is the artist’s

A

patron

173
Q

Formal analysis of an artwork focuses on that work’s

A

visual qualities

174
Q

Which present day country is home to the Pyramid of the Sun?

A

Mexico

175
Q

Which of the following ancient Romans wrote a key work of art history?

A

Pliny the Elder

176
Q

A major branch of art history interprets art through philosophy written and later inspired by

A

Karl Marx

177
Q

Which of the formal qualities of art is the most fundamental?

A

Line

178
Q

An open area within a form creates a

A

Negative space

179
Q

Which type of perspective BEST accounts for the presence of fog or smoke in a scene?

A

Aerial perspective

180
Q

Violet-blue and yellow-green are examples

A

tertiary colors

181
Q

An artist mixing pink paint on a palette will combine

A

A primary color (red) and a neutral (white)

182
Q

Which of the following terms describes the illusion of texture created on a two-dimensional surface?

A

Visual texture

183
Q

The individual elements that make up a pattern are called

A

Motifs

184
Q

A place at which the eye lingers when viewing a composition is a

A

Focal point

185
Q

Shading by making a pattern of dots in a drawing creates

A

Stippling

186
Q

Due to the nature of the medium, auction houses will often use the term “multiples” to describe

A

Prints

187
Q

Which of the following mathematical terms can also be used to describe a printing plate?

A

Matrix

188
Q

Twentieth-century American artist Joseph Cornell worked most often in

A

Mixed media

189
Q

Liquid clay used to join slabs of clay while creating a ceramic artwork is called

A

Slip

190
Q

A primary goal of the Crystal Palace was to

A

showcase British engineering

191
Q

The two main colors of the Chauvet Cave paintings are

A

red and black

192
Q

Which Roman goddess lends her name to the Woman of Willendorf

A

Venus

193
Q

Which present-day country in the British Isles is home to Stonehenge

A

England

194
Q

Which of the following ancient civilizations is MOST closely associated with Ziggurats

A

Sumer

195
Q

Whose legal code is the oldest that has remained intact to the present day?

A

Hammurabi’s

196
Q

A 1922 excavation uncovered the long-hidden tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh

A

Tutankhamun

197
Q

Doric and Ionic are types of

A

columns

198
Q

The earliest Roman art reflected the influence of the

A

Etruscans

199
Q

Which of the following media is MOST closely associated with Byzantine art?

A

mosaic

200
Q

Which of the following places is the MOST likely location for a keystone?

A

The top of an arch

201
Q

Giotto di Bondone lived in the Italian city-state of

A

Florence

202
Q

Which of the following artworks is ALSO by the painter of the Mona Lisa

A

The Last Supper

203
Q

Which of the following Popes commissioned Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?

A

Julius II

204
Q

Modern landscape paintings date from when? and where?

A

17th century, mainly in Europe than across the world

205
Q

What item did Marcel Duchamp display under the title “In Advance of a Broken Arm”?

A

A snow shovel purchased in 1915 from New York City

206
Q

Marcel Duchamp’s art is referred to as?

A

Readymades, objects appropriated from places like hardware stores and domestic homes.

207
Q
A

AcaDec 2024_25 Climate (21 decks)

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