Literature S1 & S2 Flashcards
What elements are common for excerpts from fiction to contain?
descriptions of setting, character, or actions
What characterizes letters?
the sense of sharing thoughts with a particular person
What type of audience do speeches have?
a wider audience and keen awareness of that audience (rhetorical devices are also particular to the genre)
How is the tone in a first person narrative different than in a third person narrative?
in a 1st person POV, the author assumes a persona and develops the character through that character’s thoughts, actions, and speeches (this sets the tone from the first few sentences). While in a third person narrative, the tone will vary depending on how intrusive the narrator is (is the narrator actively in the story or practically invisible?)
What tool do authors use to reveal attitude and point of view.
language (including syntax and diction)
Describe the tone in an informational nonfiction text
can be detached and matter-of-fact unless the author has an emotional connection to the topic
True or False? An ironic tone is used to mock or criticize
True
What are some oratorical devices a speaker might use in a speech?
Repetition, anaphora, or appeals to various emotions.
What questions can passages from fiction generate?
Point of view, characters and how these characters are presented, or about setting, either outdoor or indoor, and the role it is likely to play in a novel or short story.
What might a set of questions occasionally include?
A grammar question.
With diction, or word choice, what must one also consider?
Whether the words are learned and ornate or simple and colloquial.
What is question is closely related to a question on the main idea of a passage?
A question about the writer’s purpose.
What is environmental literature?
a genre of writing that comments on environmental themes
What in particular does environmental literature comment on?
the relationship between nature and culture (environment and humans)
What is literary criticism?
ways of reading literature that includes personal biases or accounts for them
What is ecocriticism?
an approach used to assess how the natural world is represented in literature
Where can early environmental texts from the United States be traced?
the early 19th century Transcendentalist movement
Where can early environmental texts from England be traced? (time period)
the late 18th century Romantic period
Where did many English Romantic writers travel for inspiration and material?
They traveled to lakes, mountains, and other beautiful vistas of England.
Who were key English poets during the Romantic movement?
William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, Lord Byron, and Percy Bysshe Shelley.
Who believed that poetry should be accessible to all?
W. Woodsworth
The Transcendentalist came from England’s romance period. When did the movement reach the United States?
During the 19th Century.
Considering American Transcendentalism supported individualism, adopting it as a main core of their beliefs. What do Transcendentalists believe in?
The united theory of natural goodness of all people, they agreed to insight over logic in the search for the truth
What are the main five things Transcendentalist writers strongly empathized?
Alternate ways of living, advocated women’s right to vote, better working conditions, individual freedom, critical of slavery
Many Transcendentalists supported Social reforms, their writing reflecting that. What religion were American Transcendentalists influenced by?
Unitarianism, (A religion that believes not one religion has all the answers, that every religion can teach us something. It falls under the nontrinitarian branch of Christianity.)
The idea that “all souls are linked to one another; individuals contain the divine inside themselves” comes who’s Over-Soul concept?
Ralph Waldo Emerson
The Transcendentalists were among the first western thinkers to read translations of Asian Text. What Asian religions did Transcendentalists find entered their world understanding.
Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism, and Sufism
Who was the example listed of a Western Transcendentalist who was heavily influenced by Asian Belief systems (Especially Indian Religions)?
Bhagavad Gita
American Transcendentalist were Influenced by Unitarianism and What else?
German Transcendentalists who influenced the English Romantics; Plato’s Philosophies and Mysticism.
What two close friends where the two most renowned of Transcendentalists?
Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson
Transcendentalism is what type of movement?
Philosophical & literary
Transcendentalism followed what period in England?
The romantic period
Transcendentalists believed everyone had a divine…
Over-Soul
Who is Barbara Kingsolver?
She is an author who would write ecological narratives that talked about the environmental destruction and its effect on rural Americans.
The English Romantics saw what?
The saw the ecological context of the city versus the country through different viewpoints.
What did Kingsolvers novel Flight Behavior (2012) talk about?
Her book talked about how climate change causes issues on a farm in rural Appalachia.
What was the structure of Kingsolvers novel Flight Behavior (2012)?
Using climate science as a way to mirror what the protagonist is learning at the time to create the structure.
Who is Nnedi Okorafor?
She is an author who writes books based off modern-day Lagos, Nigeria, how climate change looks like from the perspective of people living in large and bustling cities.
What does Okorafor’s novel Lagoon (2014) talk about?
It talks about the harms that have been done to Nigerian population because of the destruction of their historical religious beliefs as an effect of colonialism.
What book did Rachel Carson publish in 1962
The silent Spring
What did Yosemite write articles on
The damage done by domestic livestock
What famous book tells a world without birds, insects, plants, ect
The silent Spring
What was Rachel Carson before writing a book
She was a marine biologist that worked in the US Fish and wildlife service
What was the book that Leopold wrote
A Sand Country Almanac and Sketches Here and There
True or false. Leopold and Carson held the same exact views on climate change and stuff
False. Leopold view had more parts in the spectral vault, while focusing more on the economic values
Who wrote Woman on the Edge of Time?
Marge Piercy
When and by who was the term “climate fiction” coined?
Climate fiction was coined in 2008 by journalist and climate
activist Dan Bloom.
What is Petro culture
Term that encompasses the ways by which post-industrial society is shaped by oil in physical, material, and philosophical ways.
What is The Hungry Tide (2004) by Amitav Ghosh about?
It looks at climate change from a global and transnational perspective, linking rising tides and human migration patterns, animal conservation, scientific communication, and class issues to the struggle for a better climate future.
What is Solarpunk
Climate fiction that inspires hope.
Who wrote The Great Derangement in 2016?
Amitav Ghosh
What resulted in the forced removal of the Native Americans from their homes in the early 1900s?
The 1916 establishment of the National Park System
what happened to laborer’s hired to construct the national parks?
they worked long hours for low wages in unsafe
conditions.
what did the people who started environmental justice movement focus on?
to address the inequity of environmental protection in their
communities.
What Indian writer is part of the anti-GMO movement?
Vandana Shiva
What is Ursula K. Le Guin’s The Word
for World is Forest (1972) about?
asks ethical questions about human activities’ effect on natural systems and on other living beings.
What does the Northeast Community Action Group (NECAG) do?
local residents fighting against placing a landfill within 1,500 feet of a local public school in Warren County, North Carolina,
What factor influences an author’s writing least?
Reader interpretations (Do influence: time period, cultural understanding, political upheaval, personal views)
Literary criticism is MOST often compared to?
a lens
Early environmentalist texts of the United States can be traced back to
19th century Transcendentalism
Which work came EARLIEST? The Thogony, The Epic of Gilgamesh, The Odyssey, The Iliad, The Golden Ass
The Epic of Gilgamesh (has components of environmental literature as the Sumerian King attacks nature because of his fear of dying)
What is NOT a key feature of environmental literature? Critiquing human impacts such as urbanization, finding harmony and balance, investigating animal psychology, questioning the place of humans in the world, redefining the concept of what is natural
Investigating animal psychology
Which of the following works is dystopian? Zahrah the Windseeker, The Time Machine, The Dispossessed, The Fifth Season, Ecotopia: The Notebooks and Reports
The Fifth Season (by N.K. Jemison, set in a world nearly destroyed by geological upheaval)
Which of the environmental literature portrays a utopia? The Windup Girl, The Time Machine, Parable of the Sower, The Marrow Thieves
The Time Machine by H.G. Wells
Who wrote Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
Philip Dick (it was the original story for Blade Runner)
What utopian novel did Nnedi Okorafor write?
Zahrah the Windseeker
Which of the following authors is NOT a Romantic poet? John Keats, William Blake, Samuel Coleridge, Robin Kimmerer, Percy Shelly
Robin Kimmerer wrote Braiding Sweetgrass in 2013 and is not a Romantic poet
Authors of the Romantic movement believed in
the power of literature to provided a more spiritual healing way of existing
What Romantic work written by Wordsworth depicts the struggles of the rural poor?
The Ruined Cottage
With which of the following statements would the American Transcendentalists MOST likely agree?
a) The world should be viewed through logic and rationality
b) Poetry can elevate and heal the soul
c) There is an innate goodness in all people
d) Nature can be tamed and used as a resource
e) The divine exists but does not play a role in our lives
There is an innate goodness in all people
American Transcendentalists would be least likely to support?
a) women’s suffrage
b) abolition
c) the Great Awakenings
d) improved working conditions
e) individual freedoms
the Great Awakenings
Which of the following movements did NOT directly influence Transcendentalism? Evangelical Christianity, Daoism, Unitarianism, mysticism, Confucianism
Evangelical Christianity
Who wrote the souls were linked to one another and contained the divine?
Ralph Waldo Emerson, the leader of the Transcendentalist movement, believed in the “Over Soul” in each person
Ralph Waldo Emerson’s essay “Nature” primarily argued that
humans should seek the divine for themselves in nature
What location inspired Henry David Thoreau’s famous treatise?
Walden Pond
What author wrote the highly influential essay “Civil Disobedience”?
Henry David Thoreau
John Muir’s efforts led to the creation of what?
The establishment of the National Park system
John Muir’s writings often highlighted
damages done by domesticated livestock
What author acknowledged nature as a resource to be used for human benefit?
Aldo Leopold
What work introduced the concept of the Land Pyramid?
A Sand County Almanac
Rachel Carson worked as a(n)
marine biologist
In the 1940s, many institutions used chemical DDT as a
insecticide
The introduction to Silent Spring is BEST described as
hyperbolic
What author wrote science fictional accounts of climate change in the 1960s?
Ursula K. Le Guin
Where did Barbara Kingsolver grow up?
Appalachia
When did Barbara Kingsolver publish her book Flight Behavior?
2012
What creature does Barbara Kingsolver use to help readers access information about the environment and connect nature with spirituality in Flight Behavior?
monarch butterfly
Nnedi Okorafor is a
Nigerian American
Octavia Butler wrote
Parable of the Sower
What is the Primary function of the famous highway in Nnedi Okorafor’s Lagoon?
It alludes to the monstrous hunger
From what movement did the environmental justice movement stem?
civil rights movement
What major environmental justice event happened in 1968?
the Memphis Sanitation Strike
What idea does Le Guin NOT explore in her books? spiritual polarization, colonialism, moral catastrophe, ecological awareness, resource extration
spiritual polarization
What author participates in the anti-GMO movement?
Vandana Shiva
Who coined the term Cli-Fi in 2008
Dan Bloom
Jules Verne wrote about climate issues as early as
1880s
What is a topic LEAST likely for modern climate fiction? income inequality, capitalism, food production, noise pollution, water rights
Noise pollution
Solarpunk is BEST described as
Climate fiction that inspires hope
Of which Native American group is Linda Hogan an enrolled member?
Chickasaw
In which state does Linda Hogan hold the title of Professor Emerita?
Colorado
What nationality was Linda Hogan’s mother?
German
In Solar Storms, land and water are associated with all of the following meanings EXCEPT:
a) spiritual associations
b) journey and exploration
c) cultural traums
d) necessity as a resource
e) historical markers
Journey and exploration
Linda Hogan’s literature often explores the many forms of
Place - describing both the physical characteristics of a location, and the meaning ascribed to it by a character
When did the James Bay Project begin?
1971, started by Hydro-Quebec
The James Bay Project involved the construction of a
hydrodam
On which river did the James Bay Project intend to build?
La Grande, in Northwestern Quebec, the second longest river in the province
Which indigenous group did the James Bay Project affect?
Inuit
Which concern did indigenous peoples have about the James Bay Project?
Traditional hunting and trapping lands would be destroyed.
The project was in violation of treaties.
They had not been notified of construction.
The project was an unlawful expropriation of land.
Approximately how many indigenous peoples opposed the James Bay Project?
9,000
Broken down by over 5,000 Crees and 4,000 Inuits
When was the James Bay Project resolved?
1975, when the James Bay and Northern Quebec agreement was signed
What was notable about the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement?
It was the first written contract explicitly outlining indigenous rights
Which Waskaganish Grand Chief signed the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement?
Billy Diamond, who represented the Cree community of Waskaganish
