Music Section 1 Flashcards
Musicians in the US typically tune to
440 Hz
According to the Sachs-Hornbostel classification system, the trumptet is an
aerophone
On what topic is an ethnomusicologist MOST likely to write?
A comparison between Indian and European musical styles
Which instruments are members of the brass family?
Bugle, Baritone, Tuba
Timpani belong to the same instrument family as the
snare drum
A song in the “musique concrete” style will MOST likely include
tape recordings
What is the frequency of A2 on the piano?
110 Hz
On a piano, a whole step is the distance between
every other key
assume an alto clef. Which pitch does the center line represent?
D
Which line represents the G pitch in an alto clef?
second line from the bottom
“Clef” comes from the French word for?
Key
Which term describes the lowest pitch of an overtone series?
Fundamental
The white keys on a piano are usually called?
Natural keys
How does a musician play a theremin?
disturbing an electrical field
Which of the following instruments is NOT an idiophone?
Maracas, Xylophone, Tambourine, The Cowbell, and Wood block, Triangle
Maracas are classified as shaken instruments (classified as membranophones or more generally as rattles), where sound is produced by the rattling of objects inside a hollow container.
What is the dominant tuning system in Western music?
equal temperament
Which scale includes all pitches in an octave sorted in ascending order?
Chromatic
What is the relationship between A-sharp and B-flat?
Enharmonic
Which of the following intervals is a perfect fifth?
C to G
B to F
D to A
F to B
C to E
C to G and D to A
Which scale degree is known as the leading tone?
7
Which of the following intervals is the largest?
TT (Tritone interval consists of 6 half steps - the perfect fourth interval P4 only has 5 half steps)
How many half steps does an M6 interval contain?
9
Which term describes the fifth scale degree of a major scale?
dominant
How is a melodic interval structured?
One pitch occurs before another
Assume a major scale. What is the interval pattern between scale degrees 1-4?
M2-M2-m2
What is the second pitch in an A major scale?
B
Which of the following statements MUST be true if a scale is major?
^7-^8 is a half-step interval
Which scale is MOST common in Western music?
C major
Which of the following intervals is the Smallest?
G-flat to B-flat
How many half steps does an aug4 interval contain?
6
All minor scales will include
lowered third scale degree
What is a key difference between the natural minor and major scales?
The natural minor scale does not include a leading tone
Which keys are relative to each other?
C minor and E-flat major
Two keys are parallel if they
begin on the same tonic pitch
Which scale degrees can be lowered in a blues scale?
3
A scale with blues inflection will combine elements from
major and minor scales
If a composer wants to transpose a melody, they will
change the key
A true statement regarding contour
“The melody moves pretty smoothly”
Disjunct melodies will usually include intervals larger than a(n)
major second
Which vocal part performs MOST comfortably at a high range?
Soprano
The term tessitura is MOST often applied to
Vocal music
What part has the Lowest range (soprano, alto, tenor, bass, countertenor)?
Bass
A natural minor scale will include a half step between scale degrees
5 and 6
What interval is a half step in a harmonic minor scale?
^6-^7 ; ^5-^6 ; ^1-^2 ; ^3-^4 ; ^7-^1
^7-^1 - harmonic minor scale will include a half step interval between 7-1 but not between 1-7
If a musician says that a song is “in the key of E” , they mean
the tonic pitch is E
What scale degree helps determine if a scale is major or minor? (5, 4, 3, 2, 1)
3
How many key signatures are possible in common practice tonality?
15
How many key signatures are possible in common practice tonality?
2 sharps
What is the relative minor key of G-flat major?
E-flat minor
Assume a key signature has two sharps. What is the resulting major key if two sharps are added to it?
E major
What is the relative major key of C minor?
E-flat major
Assume an E-flat major key signature. What is the resulting key signature if one flat is added to it?
A-flat major
Major scale patterns are based on
whole and half steps
Which pitch or pitches are raised in a G major scale?
a) F, C b) F, C, G, D, A
c) F, C, G d) F
e) F, C, G, D
F
An A-flat major key signature includes
Four flats
What pitch or pitches are lowered in a D-flat major scale?
B, E, A, D, G
What key is the relative minor of C major?
A minor
How many major and minor scales exist in common practice tonality?
30
What keys have the same key signature?
a) C major; G-sharp minor
b) A major; A-flat minor
c) B major; G-sharp minor
d) E-flat major; E-flat minor
e) D-flat major; A minor
c) B major; G-sharp minor
The dominant seventh chord includes a fourth pitch to
intesify its pull to the tonic
What is the composition of the dominant seventh chord?
5-7-2-4
What interval is between the second note from the bottom and the top note of the dominant seventh chord?
tritone
How can a composer increase the complexity of a work’s harmony?
modulating the key
Who stated that music needed to “free” dissonance?
Arnold Schoenberg
What composer specialized in twelve-tone techniques?
Anton Webern
If a composer uses a non-functional harmony, the the song will specifically NOT
resolve chromatic chords
What technique produces polytonality?
Two different keys are performed simultaneously
Which of the following scales is unusual?
a) octatonic
b) melodic minor
c) major
d) harmonic minor
e) natural minor
Octatonic
What musical technique did Claude Debussy use extensively?
non-functional harmonies
Luigi Russolo was BEST known for
developing a categorization scheme for “noises
When was the twelve-tone method first developed?
1920s
How many pitches does a tone row hold?
12
Serial techniques increased in popularity after?
World War II
What is the interval between the top note and the second pitch from the top pitch in a dominant seventh chord?
m3
The process of arrangement will result in
individual instrumental parts
How many types of textures exist in Western music?
Four
Monophony will NOT include
harmony
What is a good example that demonstrates unison?
Multiple instruments playing the same melody at the same time
What musical style is MOST likely to employ heterophony?
Jazz
What instrument plays the accompaniment in “the Liberty Song”?
harpsichord
Assume a song has a single melody and instruments play the melody at staggered intervals. The texture will be
Imitative polyphony
An instrument’s timbre is also known as its
Tone color
How does a mute affect an instrument’s sound?
softening its volume
What musical term is an ornament?
a) coda b) trill
c) cadence d) da capo
e)bel canto
Trill
How is a decrescendo annotated in music notation?
a V rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise
What articulation results in smooth connections between notes?
legato
Which instrument can perform pizzicatos?
a) trumpet b) timpani
c) violin d) snare drum
e) wood block
Violin
The term piano means
quietly
A diminuendo means a musician should
decrease the dynamic level
Compared to the original melody, a sequence will
change the pitch level
What diagram depicts a strophic song?
AAAA
What term refers to the mark used to denote a variation
Prime
What key is a traditional favorite of the twelve-bar blues
B-flat major
The FIRST measure in the twelve-bar blues uses
I
An AABA diagram depicts
32-bar form
What diagram BEST depicts rondo form?
ABACA
What is the SIMPLEST form using contrast
ternary form
The LAST movement in a multi-movement word will use
sonata form
What diagram shows “song form”
AABA
Ternary form is also known a
ABA form
Before 1950, improvisation based on repetition was most common in
Soul music
The fifth measure of the twelve-bar blues will use the
dominant chord
What measure in the twelve-bar blues introduces the dominant seventh chord?
9
The LAST measure in the twelve-bar blues rests on the
tonic chord
Regular singing refers to
musical literacy
What fact BEST supports the idea that musical literacy in the American colonies decreased in the seventeenth century?
Psalmody used a small number of meters
A precentor MOST likely possesses a
strong voice
Humans can hear frequencies between
20 and 20,000 Hz
How does a musician produce sound on an idiophone
striking its body
Which instrument is a member of the woodwind family?
a) piano b) organ
c) trumpet d) viola
e) oboe
Oboe
What is the SMALLEST interval in Western music
half step
Assume a song uses a tenor clef. What pitch does the bottom line of the staff represent?
A
What characteristic applies to major scales
The seventh scale degree is called the leading tone
What interval is a half step in a melodic minor scale?
^7-^1
Which interval is the LARGEST?
a) B to G
b) D to B
c) C to G-flat
d) E-flat to G
e) B to F
D to B
Assume an E major scale. What is the second scale degree?
F-sharp
What is the range of a viola?
C3 to E6
If a composer wants to write a song with a slow tempo, they would MOST likely use
Lento
An anacrusis would MOST likely occur
before the downbeat
If a song is written in 4-4 time, which selection is equal to two measures?
sixteen eighth notes
“Cut-time” is indicated by the time signature
2-2
What does a “6” by a chord indicate?
It is in first inversion
What is the relative minor scale of B-flat major?
G minor
Assume a major key signature has four sharps. What is the resulting key signature?
E major
What key signature represents E-flat minor?
6 flats
Assume a D major scale. What is the ii triad?
E, G, B
What triad is known as the MOST stable chord in a key?
tonic
What is the MOST natural-sounding chord progressions within a key?
a chain of descending fifths
Assume a dominant seventh chord. What is the interval between the root and third?
M3
Modal mixture will usually occur between
parallel keys
What composer favored the use of non-functional harmonies?
Igor Stravinsky
An example that BEST demonstrates homophony?
A song with a melody and harmony
How is a staccato marked?
dot under a pitch
Articulation is the way a musician can?
start a pitch
A musician who sees the indication diminuendo should
decrease the dynamic level
The full name of the piano refers to its ability to
play soft and loud volumes
A motive is BEST defined as
Identifiable musical idea
Which dynamic marking is the SOFTEST?
a) ppp b) mf
c) mp d) p
e) pp
ppp
How can a composer create a sequence?
By changing the pitch level of a melody
How is a slur tongued on a wind instrument?
tah-ah tot
What form is known as “song form”?
32-bar form
How does the development portion of a song using sonata form end?
half cadence on the dominant chord
Assume a song is diagrammed as ABA. This song uses
ternary form
What diagram BEST indicates theme and variations?
A A’ A”
What tempo indicator would MOST likely accompany a song using the twelve-bar blues?
Moderato
The first measure of the twelve-bar blues uses the
tonic harmony
What is the frequency of A4 on a piano?
440 Hz
The celesta belongs to the same instrument family as the
harpsichord
Curt Sachs and Erich von Hornbostel developed a scheme to
Categorize instruments based on how they produce sound
What instrument requires electricity to operate?
Theremin
Where did musique concrete FIRST develop?
Paris
How many lines are on a single staff?
5
What interval is a major third?
a) E to F-sharp
b) C to F
c) E-flat to G
d) E-flat to D-flat
e) C to C
E-flat to G
Which interval is included in ALL minor scales between scale degrees one and three?
minor third
What pitch can be lowered in a blues scale?
7
Assume a musician sees the subito ritardando instruction. They should
suddenly decrease the tempo
A pure sine wave occurs at
440 Hz, it sounds like an “A” pitch above middle C on the piano
Musicians in the United States tune to what pitch?
A pitch, also known as A-440
Who developed an instrument classification system based on the way they produce sound?
Curt Sachs and Erich von Hornbostel
What instrument is an aerophone
baritone
What is an aerophone?
an instrument that produces sound by having air blowing into the instrument
To what family does the flute belong?
woodwind
Composing a piece in the style of musique concrète involves
generating electronic sounds
Which instrument is NOT considered a chordophone?
a. guitar
b. cello
c. lute
d. viola
e. bass drum
bass drum
Info: it does not produce sound through vibrating strings, a bass drum is a membranophone
Which property refers to the highness or lowness of a sound?
pitch
If a song is written using treble clef, then the second line from the bottom of the staff represents
G
What clef is known as the “F-clef”?
bass clef
Info: the F pitch is the fourth line from the bottom of the staff
A sharp next to a note will
raise it by a half step
The highest notes above the fundamental are called
partials, or overtones
How many pitches are in a chromatic scale?
12
The distance between any two consecutive pitches of a chromatic scale is a(n)
semitone or half-step
The seventh scale degree of a major scale is known as the
leading tone
How many half steps comprise a perfect fourth interval?
5 half steps
Which interval is the SMALLEST?
a. major sixth
b. octave
c. minor sixth
d. perfect fifth
e. tritone
tritone
Info: tritone interval consists of 6 half steps while the perfect fifth interval consists of 7 half steps
What are the FIRST three intervals of a major scale?
M2-M2-m2
The tonic pitch of an A major scale is
A
Info: The tonic pitch is scale degree 1. The scale is named after the tonic pitch.
Which interval is a minor third?
a. E to G-sharp
b. A-flat to B-flat
c. A to C
d. C to E-flat
e. B to F-sharp
C to E-flat
Info: it comprises 3 half steps
Enharmonic pitches refer to notes that are
sounded by the same piano key
Examples are E-flat and D-sharp
What term refers to an interval that sounds its pitches in succession?
melodic
What role does a dominant pitch play in a major scale?
It serves as a second gravitational center by pulling pitches away from the tonic pitch
Which interval MUST be a half step if a scale is major?
a. ^1-^2
b. ^2-^3
c. ^5-^6
d. ^7-^8
e. ^6-7
^7-^8
How is a diminished interval created?
reducing the size of a minor interval
Info: E to G-flat is an example of a diminished interval.
The C to F-sharp interval is a(n)
augmented fourth and consists of 6 half steps
Which characteristic is common to ALL minor scales?
a. lowered fifth scale degree
b. lowered fourth scale degree
c. raised fourth scale degree
d. lowered third scale degree
e. raised fifth scale degree
lowered third scale degree, which creates a minor third interval between scale degrees 1 and 3
What scale degree is raised in a harmonic minor scale?
7 / seventh scale degree
What effect combines elements of major and minor scales?
blues inflections
Info: blues scales can lower scale degrees 3 and 7
Transposing a melody will
change the key
What is the range of the viola?
C3 to E6
Conjunct melodies will PRIMARILY feature
whole steps
Info: Conjunct melodies are smooth and feature whole step and half step intervals while disjunct melodies will have large interval leaps.
Which phrase BEST describes a contour?
a. “The melody is performed by a clarinet.”
b. “The melody is rising.”
c. “The song is fast.”
d. “Each measure has four beats.”
e. “The highest note is held for a long time.”
The melody is rising
A female singer with a high tessitura is a(n)
soprano
A female singer with a low tessitura is a(n)
alto
If a scale has an augmented second interval between scale degrees 6 and 7, then it is a
harmonic minor scale
Compared to a major scale, a natural minor scale will NOT have a(n)
upward pull to the tonic
What scale degree is lowered in a blues scale?
3
When does counterpoint occur?
sounding two pitches simultaneously
What instrument has a range of C2 to A5?
cello
Which characteristic is specific to relative major and minor scales?
a. They use the same clef.
b. They have the same dominant pitch.
c. They use the same pitches.
d. They are performed at the same tempo.
e. They have the same number of sharps and flats.
They use the same pitches.
What term describes a major and minor scale pair that begins and ends on the same tonic pitch?
parallel, also known as scale degree 1
What is the approximate speed of the Adagio tempo indicator?
72 beats per minute
The instruction accelerando poco a poco means a musician should
gradually increase the tempo
What is the term for the FIRST beat in a measure?
downbeat, which is usually the strongest beat in a measure
What tempo indicator is the fastest?
Presto, has a speed of 200 beats per minute
Which of the following statements would refer to a song’s meter?
a. “That sounded like a quarter note.”
b. “It is a fast song.”
c. “There are three tempi in the piece.”
d. “Each bar has two beats.”
e. “The beat feels strong.”
“Each bar has two beats.”
The pulse of Hermit Thrush at Morn is like a(n)
waltz
A note occurring before the FIRST beat of a measure is known as a(n)
anacrusis, or the pickup note
The LONGEST note used in music is the
whole notwe
Adding a dot to a note will
increase its duration by half the original value
“Common time” refers to the time signature
4-4
What term indicates the 2-2 time signature?
alla breve or cut-time, notated as a V with a vertical slash
What selection is equal to one measure in 6-8 time?
twelve sixteenth notes
What is the duration of two tied eighth notes in a measure of 3-4 time?
one beat
What tempo marking means “at a walking tempo”?
Andante, a speed of 84 beats per minute
A musician uses rubato to
create an expressive effect
Info: rubato happens when the tempo is changed
A swing rhythm is performed as if it were written in what time?
12-8 time
Compound meter divides the beat into
three parts
Info: This meter type is indicated when there is an “eight” in the bottom position of a time signature.
Which example BEST demonstrates polymeter?
a. A song includes a repeating rhythmic structure.
b. A song lacks a defined meter.
c. A song features three different meters in rapid succession.
d. A song maintains a steady tempo.
e. A song has two meters occurring simultaneously.
A song has two meters occurring simultaneously.
The system of organizing pitch in Western music is known as
common-practice tonality
What term describes a collection of varying durations?
rhythm
How can a composer BEST create a syncopated rhythm?
emphasizing a weak beat
What are the intervals of a major triad?
M3-m3
What is the LOWEST note of a chord called?
root
What is the TOP note of a chord called?
the fifth
How is first inversion indicated in music notation?
a “six” following the chord symbol
What term describes a chord with two major triads?
augmented
What term describes a chord with two minor triads?
diminished
Which grouping of beats is an example of irregular meter?
a. ONE-two-three-ONE-two-three
b. ONE-two-THREE-four
c. ONE-ONE-ONE-ONE
d. ONE-two-ONE-two-three
e. ONE-two-ONE-two
ONE-two-ONE-two-three
Info irregular meter will have variations on the groupings of beats
A chord MUST contain at least how many notes
three notes
When does second inversion occur?
placing the fifth in the bottom position
Around what year was the primary system of organizing pitch in Western music codified?
1750
What term refers to two conflicting rhythmic patterns performed simultaneously?
cross-rhythm, also known as polyrhythm
What scale degree MOST determines if a key is major or minor?
scale degree 3
The D major key signature features how many sharps?
2 sharps, which are F and C
What are the FIRST three sharps included as part of any key signature?
F,C,G
The relative minor scale of E-flat major is
C minor
What key is indicated by four flats in the key signature?
A-flat major
Info: B, E, A, D
The relative major of F-sharp minor is
A major
What does a key signature convey?
which notes are raised or lowered
How many key signatures exist in common-practice tonality?
15 key signatures
What notes are impacted in a B-flat major key signature?
B,E
How many half steps are in a perfect fifth interval?
seven
If a key signature includes 3 flats, then it is
E-flat major
What minor key signature is blank?
A minor, as it does not contain any sharps or flats
What key is indicated by 6 sharps?
F-sharp minor
Info: it lowers the pitches F, C, G, D, A, and E
The enharmonic equivalent of D-flat is
C-sharp
Adding two flats to a G minor key signature results in
F minor
Info: The G minor key signature has two flats.
To a listener, a dissonant harmony will sound
unstable
Which action will make a major triad sound the MOST consonant?
a. double the root
b. increase the intervals between the notes
c. omit the fifth
d. double the third
e. add a counter-melody
double the root
Musical tension occurs as the listener waits to
hear the resolution of a tense interval
The term diatonic means
“within the key”
On what scale degree is the tonic triad built?
^1 or scale degree 1, it is the most stable chord in a key
What scale degree is the root of a minor triad?
2, 3, or 6
What term describes a pitch outside of an established key?
chromatic
The ii chord is called the
supertonic
The MOST common chord progression is
ii-V-I
Voice leading will produce a
conjunct melody, which is smooth and relatively easy to sing
The MOST “final” sounding bass line descends a(n)
fifth
What chord is known as the pre-dominant?
IV
Info: The IV chord is called pre-dominant and built on scale degree 4. It is a diatonic major triad.
What note will a bass line MOST often play?
root of a chord, which is the lowest note
What is the quality of the diatonic triad built on scale degree 7?
diminished
What is the dominant chord of a C major scale?
G-B-D
Info: this is a major triad
The dominant seventh chord comprises scale degrees
5-7-2-4
What note is commonly added to embellish triads?
a sixth, seventh, and/or a ninth above the root
What is the interval between the top note and the second note from the top of a dominant seventh chord?
tritone
What term refers to the modification of pitches in a basic triad?
modal mixture
Info: This occurs between a major key and its parallel minor key
How can a composer BEST increase the harmonic complexity of a composition?
Modulate or changing the key throughout the song
Alban Berg was BEST known for using
serial techniques
Luigi Russolo created a categorization based on
noises
What scale is considered unusual?
whole-tone, octatonic, and pentatonic
Info: Unusual scales fall outside of the major and minor pattern
The tone row of the twelve-tone method contains only
chromatic pitches
What characteristic MOST applies to non-functional harmonies?
They lack resolution
Which example BEST demonstrates polytonality?
a. A composition cycles between two different keys.
b. A composition lacks an established key.
c. A composition features a single key.
d. A composition includes two different keys performed simultaneously.
e. A composition permits the use of improvisational keys.
A composition includes two different keys performed simultaneously.
What note would a composer MOST likely add to embellish a C major chord?
B, A, and D
In music notation, a double bar is used to
indicate a new signature, which modulates the key
Who was known for using non-functional harmonies?
Igor Stravinsky and Claude Debussy
Instruments playing in unison will produce a texture called
monophony
Info: Monophony is a musical texture featuring a single melodic line
A polyphonic composition will MOST likely include
two melodies performed simultaneously
The process of arrangement will result in
individual instrument parts
What musical texture was common in the EARLIEST styles of jazz?
heterophony
How does adding a mute impact an instrument?
It changes the tone color.
Info: Adding a mute to an instrument will lower its dynamics and change the tone color
What is another word for tone color?
timbre
The full name of the piano refers to its ability to
play at varying volumes, both softly and loudly
A gradual increase in dynamics is called a(n)
crescendo
What instrument can perform a pizzicato?
viola
Adding a staccato to a note will
reduce its duration
Adding a legato to a note will
increase its duration
What musical device is an example of an ornament?
trill, which rapidly oscillates between two ptiches
An elongated “V” rotated ninety degrees counterclockwise means a musician should
lower the volume
An elongated “V” rotated ninety degrees clockwise means a musician should
increase the volume
What is the musical texture of Hermit Thrush at Morn?
homophony, as it includes a melody alongside an accompanying line.
Which statement BEST captures the difference between counterpoint and imitative polyphony?
a. Counterpoint involves improvisation while imitative polyphony is strictly composed.
b. Counterpoint features multiple melodies while imitative polyphony includes a single melody.
c. Counterpoint is used in jazz music while imitative polyphony is used in orchestral music.
d. Counterpoint requires multiple instruments while imitative polyphony can be performed on a single instrument.
e. Counterpoint is a modern technique while imitative polyphony is a classical technique.
Counterpoint features multiple melodies while imitative polyphony includes a single melody
What term means “soft” in music?
piano
A visual representation of musical form is called a(n)
diagram
How can a composer BEST create musical tension?
increasing rhythmic activity
What characteristic applies to an ostinato?
It is repeated in immediate succession
What is the SMALLEST unit of musical form?
motive
On what harmony does a half cadence rest?
dominant
An authentic cadence uses the progression
V-I, a dominant-tonic harmonic progression
In music, the term “cadence” indicates a(n)
resting point
What dynamic is the LOUDEST?
ff - fortissimo
The term mezzopiano means
somewhat quietly
The coda in “Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)” includes a solo
saxophone and a soprano voice
What aspect of musical form does analysis disregard?
introduction and the coda
To a listener, a coda will MOST likely sound
conclusive
What term refers to the first member of a phrase pair?
antecedent
What term refers to the second member of a phrase pair?
consequent
For a composer, dissonance is the PRIMARY way to
create musical tension
What composition from this year’s selected works includes a motif resembling a burro’s clip-clopping hooves?
“On the Trail”
Repeating a musical idea at a different pitch level produces a(n)
sequence
Ex: it occurs in “Despite Repeated Warnings”
What form is represented in a song diagrammed as A A?
strophic
What composition uses strophic form?
“Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)”, diagrammed as A A A A
The “prime” mark represents a(n)
variation on a theme
What key is a traditional favorite of the twelve-bar blues?
B-flat, C, and F major
What articulation connects notes?
slurs, tongued as tah-tah-tah on a wind instrument
What chord is performed during the FIRST four measures of the twelve-bar blues?
tonic
How is rondo form diagrammed?
ABACA
ABA form is also known as
ternary form
popular song composed in the mid-twentieth century would MOST likely use what form?
32-bar form or song form
Which song uses verse-chorus form?
a. “Feels Like Summer”
b. Grand Canyon Suite
c. Sumer is icumen in
d. “Big Yellow Taxi”
e. “Gewitter Sturm: Allegro”
“Big Yellow Taxi”
What musical genre prominently features improvisation in styles before 1950?
gospel, jazz, soul music
What articulation marking is indicated by a “V” turned 90 degrees counterclockwise?
marcato
What form is the SIMPLEST one to use contrast?
ternary, also known as ABA form
What technique will a composer PRIMARILY use to develop a fugue subject?
imitative counterpoint
Info: Composers using fugal technique will develop a fugue subject with imitative counterpoint. This device produces a polyphonic texture
The exposition section of a sonata will modulate to the
dominant key
The transition of a sonata will MOST likely include
increased rhythmic activity
Beginning in 1730, the FIRST movement of many Western classical pieces opened with
sonata form and included two principal melodic ideas
The development portion of a sonata ends on a(n)
half cadence on the dominant chord of the original key
The approximate repetition of a melodic idea is a(n)
imitation
What tempo pattern do three-movement sonata cycles follow?
fast-slow-fast
The second movement of a three-movement sonata cycle will use
ABA form
What is the estimated interval of variance between the current pitch for concert A and the pitch used in the 1870s?
minor third
Which composition title MOST would MOST likely use a four-movement sonata cycle form, if written in 1840?
a. “Dances”
b. “Aria”
c. “Symphony”
d. “Variations”
e. “Expositions”
“Symphony”
Research examining how music sounded when it was FIRST composed is called
performance practice
Which part of the sonata was performed twice during the Classical period?
development and recapitulation
How is the second line of music in a fugue typically different from the first line?
It is a fourth lower or a fifth higher from the first melodic line
The third movement of a four-movement sonata cycle written in the 1800s will typically include a(n)
minuet and trio
What musical texture occurs if a composer uses fugal technique?
polyphony
The meter of a song will establish a
pattern of strong and weak beats
If a song only uses pitches established in its key signature, then it is
diatonic
A composer who wishes to create a chromatic pitch will
add a sharp
The basic definition of music is
sound organized in time
How many major and minor scales exist?
30
Which of the following selections is an element of form?
a. melody
b. motive
c. introduction
d. twelve-bar blues
e. rhythm
motive
A composer is MOST likely to conclude a song with a(n)
coda
An octave is divided into intervals called
half steps
Western music relies on the need to
resolve the tonic
