Art Section 1 - Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an example of a previously dismissed craft that art historians might now include in their studies?

A

textiles

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2
Q

Who commissioned the paintings on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?

A

Pope Julius II

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3
Q

Which material was primarily used to create the cave paintings found in Chauvet Cave?

A

red ochre and black charcoal, had minimal yellows

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4
Q

Which of the following styles does Ancient Egyptian art MOST emphasize?
a. symmetry
b. linear perspective
c. hierarchical scale
d. realism
e. geometric precision

A

Hierarchical scale, using the social status of figures and objects to determine their size (a king would be more prominent than a regular person)

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5
Q

King Tutankhamun’s burial mask is made of gold and adorned with

A

blue glass as well as several semi-precious stones such as lapis lazuli, quartz, obsidian, carnelian, amazonite, turquoise, and faience

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6
Q

The Persian Empire was based in what is present-day

A

Iran

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7
Q

Who centralized power in the ancient Babylonian civilization and created the oldest known legal code?

A

Hammurabi

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8
Q

Which ancient Mesopotamian architectural development resulted in the creation of ziggurats?

A

platform structures, that evolved into stepped pyramids called zigguarats

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9
Q

What famous monument features concentric rings made of sarsen and bluestones?

A

Stonehenge

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10
Q

The Venus (or Woman) of Willendorf figure is missing

A

feet

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11
Q

Whose would be MOST likely to challenge a book on Renaissance art that features only Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael Sanzio?

A

a feminist historian

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12
Q

All of the following materials prove especially enduring EXCEPT for
a. stone
b. marble
c. wood
d. metal
e. fired clay

A

wood

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13
Q

What have scholars proposed as the most likely purpose of cave paintings?

A

hunting ceremonies

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14
Q

Which part of Stonehenge marks the point where the sun rises on the midsummer solstice?

A

heel-stone

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15
Q

What kingdom to the south of Egypt is increasingly garnering attention for its significant contributions to art history?

A

Nubia

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16
Q

Which major culture arose from 3200 to 2000 BCE in the Aegean islands?

A

Cycladic culture

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17
Q

The best-known Mycenaean objects are made of

A

gold

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18
Q

Which culture influenced the frontal posture of Archaic Greek statues?

A

Egyptian culture

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19
Q

Which type of columns were typically built in Greece in the Early Classical Period?

A

Doric, which are simple, storng and sturdy

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20
Q

What term describes a naturalistic pose with weight placed on one leg that is apparent in Greek sculptures?

A

contrapposto

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21
Q

Ancient Etruscan buildings were mostly constructed out of

A

bricks and wood

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22
Q

What purpose did concrete serve in Roman architecture?

A

filling space between rocks in walls

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23
Q

Which architectural structure did the Romans use extensively in bridges and aqueducts?

A

curved arches

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24
Q

When depicting dead nobles in art as part of their funerary rites, the Romans made their figures seem

A

ideal, to show the greatness of the person who died

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25
Q

The Byzantine empire is best known for its

A

decorative mosaics, which are huge murals made from small pieces of glass set into the walls of buildings to create a piece, such as those in the churches in Ravenna

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26
Q

What was a main job of monks working in monasteries in the Medieval period?

A

creating illuminated manuscripts

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27
Q

What medium was MOST important to the Vikings?

A

wood, carving intricate designs into their wooden ships

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28
Q

Which architectural element allows bigger windows by providing support to the building’s exterior?

A

flying buttresses

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29
Q

What technique did the Florentine artist Giotto di Bondone use to create simple perspective in his pieces?

A

overlapping figures, to help create depth in his scenes

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30
Q

Who became new patrons of the arts during the Renaissance era?

A

wealthy noble families

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31
Q

Which artist BEST demonstrates the transition from Gothic to Renaissance art?
a. Masaccio
b. Titian Vecelli
c. Filippo Brunelleschi
d. Albrecht Dürer
e. Giotto di Bondone

A

Giotto di Bondone

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32
Q

How did economic changes influence the development of the Renaissance in southern Europe?

A

The development of paper money allowed certain families to accumulate wealth and sponsor the arts.

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33
Q

Who won the competition to design the doors of the Florence baptistery in 1401?

A

Lorenzo Ghiberti
Also creates the panel design for the baptistery’s doors that became known as the Gates of Paradise

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34
Q

Which artistic innovation did Filippo Brunelleschi invent?

A

linear perspective

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35
Q

How did Donatello’s sculptures change throughout his lifetime?

A

His sculptures became more naturalistic

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36
Q

The Birth of Venus presented an ideal representation of

A

female beauty

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37
Q

Which of the following statements about Leonardo da Vinci is FALSE?
a. His designs for locks are still used today.
b. He developed aerial perspective.
c. He was an inventor, architect, engineer, and painter.
d. He created drawings of submarines and helicopters.
e. He painted The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa.

A

He developed aerial perspective

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38
Q

Michelangelo created all of the following artworks for Pope Julius II EXCEPT
a. Moses
b. David
c. The Dying Slave
d. The Bound Slave
e. the Sistine Ceiling

A

David

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39
Q

Giorgione, Titian Vecelli, and Tintoretto were all well-known artists from

A

Venice

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40
Q

Which style does Tintoretto’s art BEST exemplify?

A

Mannerism, with dramatic angles and distorted perspectives

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41
Q

Which of the following artists is MOST closely associated with the Counter-Reformation?
a. El Greco
b. Giorgione
c. Caravaggio
d. Rembrandt
e. Tintoretto

A

El Greco

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42
Q

How did new innovations set northern Renaissance artists apart from their southern counterparts?

A

Oil paints allowed artists to create more detailed works.

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43
Q

Matthias Grünewald is best known for his depictions of

A

religious scenes, such as Christ’s crucifixion

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44
Q

Which of the following types of art did Albrecht Dürer most often create?
a. paintings
b. sculptures
c. woodcuts
d. architecture
e. drawings

A

woodcuts followed by copperengravings

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45
Q

Hans Holbein served as the court painter for

A

King Henry VIII

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46
Q

The Baroque era dates from the

A

late 16th century

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47
Q

Which of the following authors protested socioeconomic inequality during the Baroque era?
a. Baruch Spinoza
b. Hugo Grotius
c. Niccolò Machiavelli
d. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
e. René Descartes

A

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

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48
Q

How did Baroque art differ from previous Renaissance works?

A

Baroque art was more dramatic and emotional.

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49
Q

Which Baroque painter is BEST known for his dramatic use of light and dark?

A

Caravaggio

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50
Q

Artemisia Gentileschi is BEST known for her paintings depicting

A

biblical women

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51
Q

In which medium did Gianlorenzo Bernini complete his most significant works?

A

sculpture, such as the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

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52
Q

Why was Rembrandt’s group portrait The Night Watch controversial?

A

He focused more on certain members of the group than others.

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53
Q

Which ruler established an annual exhibition known as the Academy?

A

Louis XIV

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54
Q

What technique did Diego Velázquez use to create his paintings?

A

building figures from patches of color rather than a rough sketch

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55
Q

What colors did Rococo artists MOST often emphasize in their works?

A

gold along with pastel colors to create light-hearted and frivolous depictions of court life

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56
Q

Jean-Antoine Watteau developed a new genre of painting called

A

fête galante, which focused on the leisurely experiences of nobles during their free time

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57
Q

Whose art MOST strongly influenced Jean-Honoré Fragonard’s works?
a. Thomas Gainsborough
b. Jean-Antoine Watteau
c. Jacques Louis David
d. François Boucher
e. Jean Dominique Ingres

A

Francois Boucher

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58
Q

All of the following traits characterize Neoclassical art EXCEPT
a. rational order
b. unemotional figures
c. careful geometric composition
d. sharp outlines
e. dramatic lighting

A

dramatic lighting

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59
Q

Romantic art commonly focused on all of the following themes EXCEPT
a. natural wonders
b. historical subject matter
c. violence involving animals
d. exotic settings
e. religious imagery

A

religious imagery

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60
Q

Realist artists strongly believed that their art should

A

portray even the negative qualities of their subjects

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61
Q

Gustave Courbet outraged audiences by depicting

A

ordinary workers repairing a road, which was NOT something they were accustomed to seeing used as a subject matter

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62
Q

Which artistic movement arose from dissatisfaction with the rigid rules established by the Salons?

A

Impressionism, which provided greater creative freedom to artists

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63
Q

Why was Luncheon on the Grass controversial?

A

It depicted a nude woman among clothed men.

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64
Q

Which artist’s work inspired the name of the Impressionist movement?

A

Claude Monet with his painting Impression, Sunrise

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65
Q

Impressionist art is, overall, characterized by?

A

multiple-point perspective

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66
Q

Which later artistic movement did Paul Cezánne MOST strongly influence?

A

Cubism

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67
Q

Which of the following characteristics was a unifying feature of the Post-Impressionist movement?
a. the inspiration drawn from classical themes and motifs
b. the search for increasingly brilliant colors
c. the focus on heightened emotions and dramatic composition
d. the emphasis on precise and realistic detail
e. the effort to capture fleeting moments in time

A

the search for increasingly brilliant colors

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68
Q

Georges Seurat’s art can BEST be described as

A

vibrant in color, by using small dots of complementary colors, which appeared to blend together into a unified whole from a distance

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69
Q

How did Vincent van Gogh use color to create the mood of Night Café?

A

He used intense yellows, greens, and reds to create a jarring effect

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70
Q

Paul Gauguin’s search for artistic inspiration led him to travel to

A

Tahiti, where he found inspiration in both the island’s tropical landscapes and native inhabitants

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71
Q

Which innovation allowed Impressionists to paint outdoors more easily?

A

chemically based paints

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72
Q

Which of the following artists MOST strongly incorporated Japanese influences into his art?
a. Edgar Degas
b. Pierre-Auguste Renoir
c. Mary Cassatt
d. Paul Cézanne
e. Vincent van Gogh

A

Edgar Degas

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73
Q

The Pre-Raphaelites’ art typically featured all of the following elements EXCEPT
a. an emphasis on nature
b. influence from pre-Renaissance art
c. complex ornamentation
d. sweeping curves
e. moralistic elements

A

complex ornamentation

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74
Q

Which of the following subjects did Art Nouveau MOST often depict?
a. religious iconography
b. still life compositions
c. urban landscapes
d. leaves and flowers
e. female figures

A

leaves and flowers
Art Nouveau movement utilized flowing, sinuous lines

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75
Q

Which statement about fauvism is FALSE?
a. Its leader was Henri Matisse.
b. It drew inspiration from Van Gogh.
c. It was named after “fiery colors.”
d. Its color palette shocked general sensibilities about art.
e. It rejected the need to replicate real-world color.

A

It was named after “fiery colors.”

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76
Q

Who developed Cubism?

A

Pablo Picasso in close collaboration with Georges Braque

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77
Q

Cubism was largely influenced by art from

A

Africa

78
Q

Which art movement did Vasily Kandinsky lead?

A

Der Blaue Reiter, an expressionist movement characterized by paintings with no pictorial subject

79
Q

The Armory Show is BEST known for
a. introducing modern European art to the United States
b. resulting in a split between European and American modern art
c. sparking the Harlem Renaissance
d. popularizing Surrealism in the United States
e. inspiring the Dada movement

A

introducing modern European art to the United States

80
Q

Fountain is BEST known as examples of

A

Ready-mades, ordinary items given new context and transformed into a work of art

81
Q

Which features characterized the Bauhaus movement?

A

reconciling industrial design with aesthetic

82
Q

Jackson Pollock is BEST known for

A

dripping art/paint directly onto the canvas.

83
Q

Which artist is known for producing “combines?”

A

Robert Rauschenberg

84
Q

Andy Warhol is BEST known for his

A

Pop Art

85
Q

Which art movement is MOST associated with the art of Gustave Courbet?

A

Photorealism

86
Q

Which of the following statements about Christo is FALSE?
a. He primarily worked alone.
b. He surrounded eleven Florida islands with pink plastic.
c. His artworks often required years of work.
d. His art put emphasis on the creation process as well as the product.
e. He was known for creating Earthworks.

A

He primarily worked alone
Most of his works were created with his partner Jeanne-Claude

87
Q

Which art style are the Guerilla Girls an example of?

A

Performance Art

88
Q

Which postmodernist architect added a finial to the AT&T Building?

A

Philip Johnson

89
Q

Which Earthworks artist frequently wraps monuments in fabric and worked closely with artist Jeanne-Claude?

A

Christo

90
Q

The Guerrilla Girls are based in the city of

A

New York

91
Q

Which architectural style did Philip Johnson pioneer?

A

International Style

92
Q

Which idea does the International Style of architecture follow when designing buildings?

A

Form follows function, resulting in buildings that are sleek and simple usually made of steel and glass

93
Q

A life-size terracotta army, along with horses and other equipment, was buried in the tomb of the emperor of the

A

Qin Dynasty

94
Q

For what purpose were traditional ink drawing scrolls from the Tang Dynasty created?

A

inspiring contemplation

95
Q

What culture had a significant influence on traditional Indian images of Buddha?

A

Greek

96
Q

During the Impressionist movement in Europe, Japan sent a group of artists to

A

France

97
Q

In which part of Africa did the Nok civilization emerge?

A

West Africa, from around 900 BCE to 200 CE, in present day Nigeria

98
Q

Which tribe settled the Benin Kingdom?

A

the Edo people

99
Q

Why did early Europeans traders and settlers coming to Africa often destroy African art?

A

They saw the artwork as dangerous pagan symbols.

100
Q

Which type of art showed social stature in Polynesia?

A

tattoos

101
Q

In which area did Asmat tribal groups typically use huge carved wooden shields colored with black, red, and white during raids?

A

Melanesia

102
Q

Which term describes the element in mosque architecture that faces towards Mecca?

A

qibla wall

103
Q

The Native Americans in the Southwest lived in

A

pueblos

104
Q

All of the following components are formal qualities of art EXCEPT
a. theme
b. form
c. shape
d. space
e. texture

A

theme

105
Q

Which line direction creates a feeling of peacefulness?

A

horizontal, feelings of peacefulness and tranquility

106
Q

In contrast to shape, form is

A

three-dimensional
Shapes: circles and triangles
Forms: Spheres and cones

107
Q

Which type of perspective takes atmospheric elements into account?

A

aerial

108
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the name of a color?
a. saturation
b. intensity
c. value
d. contrast
e. hue

A

Hue

109
Q

Who provided the underlying concepts that led to the development of the color wheel?

A

Isaac Newton
Color wheel was created in the 18th century, Newton provided the concepts necessary for its creation as early as the 17th century

110
Q

The term “local color” refers to

A

the true color of an object in normal daylight

111
Q

According to the Greeks, where do the corners of the eyes fall?

A

halfway between the chin and the top of the head

112
Q

According to the Greeks, where does the nose fall?

A

halfway between the chin and the eye’s corners

113
Q

According to the Greeks, where does the lips fall?

A

halfway between the chin and the bottom of the nose

114
Q

Which form of balance employs objects that are slightly differentiated on each side of the axis?

A

approximate symmetry

115
Q

Which formal quality of art refers to the dimensional relations within an artwork?

A

scale

116
Q

Which element is repeated to form a pattern?

A

motif

117
Q

Which type of color has experienced the GREATEST increase in popularity since the twentieth and twenty-first centuries?

A

arbitrary, due to its emotional and aesthetic appeals

118
Q

Intensity refers to the

A

brightness or purity of a color

119
Q

Freeform and irregular shapes and forms are MOST often referred to as

A

organic, due to their lifelike nature

120
Q

What term refers to a sculpture that projects only slightly from its surface?

A

bas relief or low relief

121
Q

Which of the following art processes is the MOST fundamental?
a. mixed media
b. printmaking
c. drawing
d. sculpture
e. photography

A

drawing

122
Q

What technique involves placing lines closely side by side to create shading?

A

hatching

123
Q

Which process involves incising a design through wax and onto a metal plate?

A

etching

124
Q

All of the following materials are sources of natural pigments EXCEPT
a. minerals
b. gemstones
c. insects
d. glass
e. clays

A

glass

125
Q

Which of the following paints do artists use to make impasto surfaces?
a. oil
b. acrylic
c. encaustic
d. tempera
e. gouache

A

oil

126
Q

How did the development of photography affect other genres of art?

A

It encouraged artists to explore less realistic art styles.

127
Q

Which of the following methods is NOT one of the four basic forms of sculpture?
a. construction
b. carving
c. engraving
d. modeling
e. casting

A

engraving

128
Q

To mobilize his sculptures, Alexander Calder used

A

wire

129
Q

Who introduced collage into the high-art sphere?

A

Picasso and Braque

130
Q

Which of the following artists is known for mixed media pieces combining silkscreen and paint?
a. Robert Rauschenberg
b. Edgar Degas
c. Willem de Kooning
d. Joseph Cornell
e. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

A

Robert Rauschenberg

131
Q

The Venus de Milo is a(n)

A

freestanding sculpture

132
Q

What method involves combining found objects to create a new sculpture?

A

assemblage

133
Q

To create a cast form, the artist MOST often encases the original form in

A

plaster

134
Q

One limitation of tempera painting is that it
a. is less durable than other mediums
b. requires extensive drying time
c. cannot be blended once applied
d. is not suitable for all surfaces
e. cannot be applied in layers

A

cannot be blended once applied

135
Q

Which painting technique involves colored molten wax?
a. tempera
b. gouache
c. encaustic
d. oil painting
e. watercolor

A

encaustic, where hot irons fuse colored molten wax to the desired surface

136
Q

How is performance art similar to environmental art?
a. It prioritizes audience participation.
b. It often incorporates natural materials.
c. It emphasizes the relationship between art and its surroundings.
d. It provides only a temporary experience for viewers.
e. It addresses pressing political issues.

A

It provides only a temporary experience for viewers.

137
Q

Many artists believe performance art can serve as an escape from the growing

A

commercialization of art

138
Q

How do craft and folk art MOST strongly differ from other types of art?
a. Craft and folk art are typically produced on a smaller scale.
b. Craft and folk art are largely utilitarian in function.
c. Craft and folk art are usually the work of amateurs.
d. Craft and folk art frequently incorporate local materials.
e. Craft and folk art often emphasize decorative elements.

A

Craft and folk art are largely utilitarian in function.

139
Q

Artists typically use all of the following techniques to create pottery EXCEPT
a. pinching the clay to form the outer walls
b. shaping clay on a potter’s wheel
c. rolling and stacking coils of clay
d. carving and adjoining slabs of clay
e. using plastic molds to shape the clay

A

using plastic molds to shape the clay

140
Q

Which term describes pots created with a potter’s wheel?

A

thrown

141
Q

How can adding colored glazes improve the properties of a ceramic pot?

A

by forming a waterproof outer coating to protect the pot

142
Q

Where was glass first invented?

A

the Middle East

143
Q

Before the nineteenth century, artists often used glass to create all of the following items EXCEPT
a. drinking glasses
b. vases
c. perfume bottles
d. lampshades
e. windows

A

lampshades (this wasn’t done until the late 19th century)

144
Q

Northwest Coast Indians MOST often carve traditional designs into

A

wood

145
Q

Architecture is BEST described as the

A

art and science of designing buildings

146
Q

Which of the following structures exemplifies post-and-lintel construction?
a. the Roman Colosseum
b. the Great Wall of China
c. the Greek Parthenon
d. Machu Picchu
e. the Pyramids at Giza

A

the Greek Parthenon

147
Q

Which civilization invented concrete?

A

Rome

148
Q

How can flying buttresses improve the structural integrity of a building?

A

by counterbalancing the outward thrust of high ceilings

149
Q

The Crystal Palace PRIMARILY consisted of

A

glass

150
Q

How does Antoni Gaudi’s architecture differ from conventional standards?

A

His buildings do not feature any flat surfaces or straight lines.

151
Q

Compared to non-Western art, Western art is more likely to be studied

A

chronologically

152
Q

Which group was the greatest patron of the arts in Medieval Europe?

A

the Church

153
Q

The number of secular artworks rose after the

A

Protestant Reformation

154
Q

Which art movement was Neoclassicism a reaction to?

A

Rococo

155
Q

Which art movement was a reaction to Neoclassicism?

A

Romanticism

156
Q

Which art movement was notable for focusing on everyday life as a subject matter?

A

Impressionism

157
Q

Which of these art movements did NOT emerge in the twentieth century?
a. Expressionism
b. Cubism
c. Surrealism
d. Dada
e. Post-Impressionism

A

Post-Impressionism

158
Q

After which event did the United States become a center of progressive art?

A

Armory Show

159
Q

Which religion is BEST known for producing non-figurative art?

A

Islam

160
Q

The Rococo style of art is MOST associated with aristocrats in

A

France

161
Q

Which of the following art movements did NOT emerge in the second half of the nineteenth century?
a. Impressionism
b. Pre-Raphaelite
c. Romanticism
d. Post-Impressionism
e. Realism

A

Romanticism

162
Q

How is Baroque art distinct from Renaissance art?

A

greater sense of movement

163
Q

Linear perspective was a key innovation introduced in

A

Renaissance Art

164
Q

Chronologically, where are the oldest pieces studied in the resource guide found?

A

France, the cave paintings in southeastern France

165
Q

Which of the following qualities is NOT a formal quality of art?
a. line
b. shape
c. texture
d. pattern
e. perspective

A

pattern

166
Q

Which term BEST describes the use of existing images, objects, or materials to create new artworks?
a. interpretation
b. recontextualization
c. assimilation
d. appropriation
e. adaptation

A

appropriation

167
Q

The conceptual art movement places the most importance on the

A

idea behind an artwork

168
Q

Which photographic process creates precise images on silver-coated plates?

A

daguerreotype

169
Q

Where does the Documenta exhibition take place?

A

Kassel, Germany

170
Q

How do Earthworks differ from the larger Land art movement?

A

Earthworks are large-scale outdoor installations.

171
Q

How does the environmental justice movement respond to pressing social and ecological issues?

A

by advocating for equal access to clean resources and environments

172
Q

How do kinetic artworks engage their audiences?

A

by incorporating mechanical elements

173
Q

Which genre of art emphasized the beauty and grandeur of the natural world?

A

landscape painting

174
Q

All of the following features characterize the Minimalist movement EXCEPT
a. extreme simplicity
b. dynamic compositions
c. limited color palettes
d. emphasized form and space
e. basic geometric shapes

A

dynamic compositions

175
Q

Which artistic movement focused on emotion, nature, individualism, and the sublime?

A

Romanticism

176
Q

The term “toxic sublime” is MOST strongly associated with

A

pollution and environmental degradation

177
Q

Which of the following artworks was created FIRST?
a. Cho-looke the Yosemite Fall
b. Rhine Water Purification Plant
c. In Advance of a Broken Arm
d. Sun Tunnels
e. Spiral Jetty

A

Cho-looke the Yosemite Fall

178
Q

Which environmental term dates from 1935?

A

ecosystem

179
Q

Rebecca Belmore was born in the same year as the

A

establishment of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

180
Q

Which text did Jack Burnham publish in 1968?

A

“Systems Esthetics”

181
Q

Where did a catastrophic oil spill occur in 1969?

A

Santa Barbara, California

182
Q

Guillermo Calzadilla was born shortly after

A

Robert Smithson created Spiral Jetty

183
Q

The Harrisons created Shrimp Farm before

A

the Church Rock uranium mill breached its dam

184
Q

Which of the following artworks took the LONGEST to create?
a. Battle for the Woodlands
b. Flint is Family
c. Spiral Jetty
d. Untilled
e. Sun Tunnels

A

Sun Tunnels

185
Q

How many years did Ana Mendieta spend on the “Silueta” series?

A

5

186
Q

How many years after the Church Rock uranium spill did Will Wilson create Church Rock Spill Evaporation Ponds?

A

40

187
Q

Which two artworks were created in the same year?
a. Wheatfield—A Confrontation and Sun Tunnels
b. Untilled and Battle for the Woodlands
c. Land Mark (Foot Prints) and Caribou Migration I
d. Rhine Water Purification Plant and Untitled: Silueta Series
e. The Fourth World and Flint is Family

A

Land Mark (Foot Prints) and Caribou Migration I

188
Q

All of the following artworks were created in the 2010s EXCEPT
a. The Fourth World
b. Marat (Sebastião), Pictures of Garbage
c. Battle for the Woodlands
d. Untilled
e. Unmoored

A

Marat (Sebastião), Pictures of Garbage

189
Q

Ana Mendieta died shortly after

A

Agnes Denes created Wheatfield—A Confrontation

190
Q

Noah Purifoy could NOT have ever learned about the
a. Church Rock Uranium Spill
b. Kanesatake Resistance
c. Watts Rebellion
d. Flint Water Crisis
e. Ipperwash Crisis

A

Flint Water Crisis as he died in 2004 and the Flint Water Crisis happened in 2014

191
Q

Which of the following artworks was created LAST?
a. Church Rock Spill Evaporation Ponds
b. Offshore Drilling
c. Wheatfield—A Confrontation
d. Caribou Migration I
e. The Fourth World

A

Church Rock Spill Evaporation Ponds