Musculoskeletal vocab Flashcards
bone remodeling
cycle process of resorption (osteoclasts) and deposition (osteoblasts)
bone mass density
x-ray imaging, measure bone mineral mass
osteopenia
low BMD -1 - -2.25 higher risk of fractures
osteoporosis
< -2.25 higher risk of fractures
muscle atrophy
loss of muscle mass due to disuse, nerve/muscle disorders
dislocation
often caused by trauma, articulating bones are out of place, joint deformity, severe pain, ROM limitation
sprain
damaged (stretching/tearing) ligament
- common in ankle
strain
damaged tendon
- common in lower back
joint effusion
swelling from excess fluid in joint capsule
crepitation
palpable crunching/grating in joint
- can be audible
weight bearing exercise
exercise against gravity
- walking, hiking, jogging, climbing stairs, dancing
non-weight bearing exercise
exercise without supporting your weight
- swimming, rowing, bicycling, using resistance bands while sitting, ROM exercise
isometric exercise
tensing muscles without moving joint
- pushing heels into the bed, holding a posture, exercise while limb in cast, exercise on bedrest
isotonic exercise
active ROM exercise
kyphosis
abnormal increase in thoracic curve (hunchback)
