Musculoskeletal vocab Flashcards
bone remodeling
cycle process of resorption (osteoclasts) and deposition (osteoblasts)
bone mass density
x-ray imaging, measure bone mineral mass
osteopenia
low BMD -1 - -2.25 higher risk of fractures
osteoporosis
< -2.25 higher risk of fractures
muscle atrophy
loss of muscle mass due to disuse, nerve/muscle disorders
dislocation
often caused by trauma, articulating bones are out of place, joint deformity, severe pain, ROM limitation
sprain
damaged (stretching/tearing) ligament
- common in ankle
strain
damaged tendon
- common in lower back
joint effusion
swelling from excess fluid in joint capsule
crepitation
palpable crunching/grating in joint
- can be audible
weight bearing exercise
exercise against gravity
- walking, hiking, jogging, climbing stairs, dancing
non-weight bearing exercise
exercise without supporting your weight
- swimming, rowing, bicycling, using resistance bands while sitting, ROM exercise
isometric exercise
tensing muscles without moving joint
- pushing heels into the bed, holding a posture, exercise while limb in cast, exercise on bedrest
isotonic exercise
active ROM exercise
kyphosis
abnormal increase in thoracic curve (hunchback)
lordosis
abnormal increase in lumbar curve
scoliosis
lateral curvature of thoracic or lumbar spine
contracture
develops when normally stretchy tissue are replaced by non-stretchy fiber like tissue due to disuse
myalgia
pain or cramps
6 Ps for musculoskeletal injury
- pain
- paresthesia
- pallor
- pulselessness
- paralysis/paresis
- poikilothermic (cool)
5 cardinal signs of inflammation
- pain
- swelling
- heat
- redness
- loss of function
