201 Respiratory Vocab Flashcards
hemoptysis
blood in the cough
dyspnea
shortness of breath
dyspnea on exertion (DOE)
walking
orthopnea
dyspnea when supine
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)
waking up short of breath during the night
clouding of consciousness
confusion, inattention, reduced wakefulness
lethargic (somnolent)
severe drowsiness, drifts to sleep, arousal by voice
obtunned
arousal by vigorous stimuli (shaking), sleep more than normal
stupor
arousal by noxious stimuli (pinch), go back to unresponsive state
comatose
no response to any stimuli (unarousable)
tripod position
leaning forward with elbows on knees
barrel chest
equal AP-to-transverse ratio, costal angle >90 degrees
pectus excavatum
funnel chest, sunken sternum
pectus carinatum
pigeon chest, forward protrusion of sternum
fremitus
vibration
resonant
normal air-filled lung tissue, clear and hollow
hyper-resonant
abnormal lungs in adults (emphysema, pneumothorax) booming
tympany
air-filled organs (stomach, intestine) drum-like
dull
dense organs (liver) muffled thud - pneumonia, pleural effusion, atelectasis, tumor
flat
no air (bone, muscle) absolute dullness
crackles
popping, moving air has to pop open airways or go through secretions (coarse or fine)
rhonchi
crackles heard louder over bronchial or bronchiovesicular areas that can be cleared by coughing
wheezing
continuous musical caused by bronchoconstriction
stridor
inspiratory crowing sound related to acute epiglottis/airway obstruction
