Hypertension Drugs

Question 1

diuretics

Answer 1

• MOA: prevent kidney reabsorption, diuresis, natriuresis, decreases BP, decreases edema, decrease IV volume
• indications: HTN, HF, hypervolemia
• SE: heart, blood, fluids
• contraindication: hypovolemia, pregnancy, lactation, oliguria

Question 2

Thiazide diuretic

Answer 2

• chlorothiazide PO/IV and hydrochlorthiazide PO

Question 3

thiazide-like

Answer 3

• metolazone

give an hour before loop

Question 4

Loop diuretic

Answer 4

• furosemide, bumetanide
• IV/PO/IM
• high ceiling (strong)
• only diuretic for AKI
• DILUTE AND SLOW

Question 5

K-sparing diuretics (aldosterone receptor blocker)

Answer 5

• spironolactone
• PO: weakest
• MOA: blocks aldosterone leading to K retention, water, Na and bicarb excretion
• secondary indication: with other diuretics to balance K and for post-adolescent acne
• AVOID oranges, grapefruit, potatoes, bananas, dried fruit
• SE: hyperkalemia
• AE: impotence, gynecomastia, deepen voice in females and irregular menstruation

Question 6

beta-blocker (LOL)

Answer 6

• MOA: decrease HR, BP excitability
• IV/PO indication: angina/MI, dysrhythmia, HTN, HF
• off label: glaucoma, migraine
• SE: heart, lungs, genitals
• contraindications: bradycardia, hypotension (call provider and hold med 90/60), asthma, COPD

Question 7

alpha2 agonist

Answer 7

• methyldopa, clonidine
• MOA: decrease sympathetic stimulation, decr HR, CO, vasodilation
• SE: heart, fluid, genital
• contraindication: pregnancy/lactation

Question 8

direct acting vasodilator

Answer 8

• hydralazine
• MOA: direct acting vasodilator
• indications: quick management of HTN, preeclampsia
• contraindication: RF, use with sildenafil
• SE: Kidney, heart, arteriole

Question 9

alpha1 blocker

Answer 9

• osin
• MOA: vasodilation (decrease peripheral resistance),
  relaxing prostate
• SE: heart, fluid, genital

Question 10

ACE inhibitor

Answer 10

• pril
• MOA: prevent angiotensin2 formation –> peripheral resistance and afterload
• indication: HTN and HF
• contraindication: PAAK
• SE: heart, electrolytes, inflammation mediator

Question 11

ARBs

Answer 11

• sartan
• MOA: block receptor site of angiotensin2, prevents vasoconstriction (low BP), tachycardia, hyperkalemia and AKI
• indication: HF, HTN
• contraindication: PAAK
• SE: electrolyte/kidney, heart

Question 12

calcium channel blockers

Answer 12

dipine, verapamil and diltiazem

• IV/PO
• indication: angina, HTN
• MOA: systemic vasodilation (hold med and call provider)
• SE: Heart, edema

Question 13

midodrine

Answer 13

PO/IV

• MOA: alpha-1 agonist –> vasoconstriction
• SE: urinary, heart
• contraindication: AKI