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Nursing S1 > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

bismuth subsalicylate (OTC)

A
  • liquid or chewable
  • MOA: adsorbs bacteria/toxins that cause nausea, diarrhea, indigestion, decrease absorption of other drugs
  • SE: physical
  • contraindication: pregnancy (teratogenic)
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2
Q

Antihistamine

A

diphenhydramine - OTC (PO/IM/IV), promethazine - Rx (PO/IV)

  • MOA: inhibit vestibular stimulation of inner ear
  • indication: nausea, motion-sickness
  • SE: CNS depression
  • contraindication: pregnancy, lactation, newborn, children
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3
Q

Anticholinergic

A

promethazine (PO, IV), scopolamine (patch, PO, IM, IV)

  • MOA: inhibits vestibular stimulation in inner ear
  • indication: nausea, motion-sickness, meniere’s disease, allergies
  • SE: CNS depressant, drowsiness, memory impairment
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4
Q

dopamine antagonist

A

promethazine (PO, IV)

  • MOA: block dopaminergic receptor in intestine and CTZ
  • indication: nausea associated with chemo, opioids, anesthesia
  • antipsychotic (large dose), antiemetic (small dose)
  • SE: seizure, EPS
  • contraindication: ETOH withdrawal or other CNS depressants
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5
Q

seratonin antagonist

A

ondansetron (Rx)

  • IV/IM/ODT
  • MOA: blocks CTZ in brain and visceral stimulation
  • SE: brain, GI
  • AE: dysrhythmia
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6
Q

benzodiazepines

A

lorazepam, midazolam (Rx)

  • PO/IM/IV
  • MOA: CNS depressants, sedative, hypnotic, amnestic
  • indication: chemo related nausea, part of anesthesia induction
  • SE: lethargy, poor balance, respiratory suppression, fall
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7
Q

glucocorticoids

A

methylprednisolone (IV), dexamethasone (PO)

  • MOA: unknown
  • IV/PO
  • indication: chemotherapy premedication
  • SE: see exam 2 study guide
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8
Q

Cannabis

A

dronabinol (PO)

  • schedule 3
  • MOA: affect cerebral cortex
  • indication: appetite stimulant for AIDs, failure to thrive
  • contraindication: psychiatric disorders
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9
Q

Emetics

A

ipecac syrup

  • MOA: stimulate CTZ and acts on gastric mucosa, risk of abuse
  • indication: may induce vomiting (see nursing process)
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10
Q

opiate-related agent

A

diphenoxylate with atropine (OTC/Rx), loperamide (OTC)

  • MOA: decrease peristalsis by activating opioid receptors in GI
  • SE: CNS depression and dependence
  • contraindication: glaucoma/BPH
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11
Q

adsorbants

A

bismuth subsalicylate and cholestyramine

  • MOA: coat wall of GI, adsorb bacteria and toxins
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12
Q

probiotic

A

lactobacillus acidophilus

  • MOA: replace normal GI, reduce colonization of pathogenic bacteria
  • indication: antibiotic use, IBS, UC, C.diff
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13
Q

somatostatin

A

octreotide

  • MOA: inhibits GH, decrease GI motility, decrease portal venous pressure

SubQ (diarrhea), IV gtt (GI bleed, varices related to portal hypertension)

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14
Q

osmotic laxatives, hyperosmolar laxatives

A

polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene glycol with electrolytes, magnesium hydroxide, saline enema

  • MOA: pull more water to intestines
  • indication: colonoscopy prep
  • contraindication: RF, children <2
  • SE: hypermagnesemia, cardiac arrest, hypovolemia
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15
Q

stimulant

A

bisacodyl, senna

  • MOA: increase peristalsis by irritating sensory nerve ending in intestinal mucosa
  • SE: reddish brown urine, dependence
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16
Q

soapsuds enema

A

stimulant

  • MOA: irritate bowels increasing peristalsis, soap is emollient, increases water in stool
  • used when other medications not effective
17
Q

emollient

A

docusate sodium, docusate sodium/senna, mineral oil enema

  • MOA: lowers surface tension, promote water penetration, emulsifies and lubricates feces
  • slow action
18
Q

bulk forming

A

psyllium

  • MOA: natural fibers made from plant seed, no dependence
  • like dietary fiber
  • drink water to prevent bowel obstruction
  • results in 8-24 hours
19
Q

IBSD - alosetron

A
  • indication: women with severe IBS with DIARRHEA
  • MOA: BLOCKS BOWEL NERVES –> decrease urgency and frequency, increase firmness
  • AE: ischemic colitis, bowel obstruction, impaction, perforation (monitor for rectal bleed and new pain, sign treatment agreement)
  • Contraindication: Hx of bowel obstruction, crohn’s, UC, ischemic bowel, diverticulitis
20
Q

IBSC - lubiprostone

A
  • indication: women with IBS CONSTIPATION, men/women chronic idiopathic constipation, opioid induced constipation
  • MOA: increased fluid in bowel
  • SE: N, V, D
  • Contraindication: Hx of bowel obstruction

Nursing S1 (26 decks)

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