Anticoagulant Drugs Flashcards
1
Q
Heparin (parenteral)
A
IV/subQ (units)
- MOA: inhibits activation of vitamin K (factor X)
- indication: risk for thromboembolism, prevent clot enlargement, while waiting for warfarin activation (3-5 days)
- onset: 20min (duration: 8 hours)
- AE: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, bleeding with OD
2
Q
enoxparin (parenteral)
A
- SubQ only (measured in mg)
- MOA: inhibits activation of vitamin K
- 12 hour duration
- SE: stinging after injection
3
Q
warfarin
A
PO
- MOA: inhibits activation of vitamin K
- SE: bleeding
- contraindication: pregnancy (take heparin), thrombocytopenia, chronic liver disease, ETOH abuse
4
Q
antiplatelet
A
- MOA: prevents platelet aggregation
- indication: at risk for thromboembolism
- contraindication: pregnancy, history of bleeding,
retinal/cerebral hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, PUD, aneurysm, uncontrolled HTN - PO: aspirin, clopidogrel
- contra: never in children <19, never while BF
- IV: eptifibatide (anti-platelet effects last 4hours)
5
Q
alteplase tPA
A
- MOA: dissolve clots by finbrinolysis (1-2 weeks)
- indications: w/i 4 hours of onset of MI or ischemic CVA, PE, DVT, restore patency of IV catheters
- bolus followed by drip for one hour
- AE: bleeding, hemorrhagic CVA, spinal cord infarction, N/V, fever, angioedema, shock, rhabdomyolysis, dysrhythmia, pulmonary edema
6
Q
statin
A
- MOA: inhibit cholesterol synthesis in liver
- AE: liver failure, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis
- contraindication: pregnancy and lactation
7
Q
cholestyramine, colesevelam
A
- MOA: bind bile acid and increase excretion of cholesterol and LDL
- SE: constipation, poor absorption of fat soluble vitamins
- contraindication: abdominal pain (SBO)
8
Q
niacin
A
- MOA: inhibits breakdown of triglycerides and free fatty acids, synthesis of LDL and breakdown HDL
- SE: flushing of face/neck, hyperglycemia
- AE: hepatotoxicity, hyperuricemia
- contraindication: pregnancy, liver disease, gout
9
Q
omega3 (rx), fish oil (OTC)
A
- MOA: inhibits triglyceride production in liver
- indication: prevent/treat hyperlipidemia
- off label: HTN and RA
- SE: GI distress, nausea, aftertaste, rash
