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Nursing S1 > Fluid, Electrolyte and Antimicrobial Drugs > Flashcards

Fluid, Electrolyte and Antimicrobial Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

vitamin A

A

route: PO/IM/topical
Indication: deficiency in patients who have fat malabsorption
contraindication: parenteral route during pregnancy

topical indication: treatment of acne or wrinkling

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2
Q

vitamin E

A

route: PO/topical
PO indication: LBW infant to prevent/treat hemolysis
topical indication: treatment of irritated chapped or dry skin

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3
Q

phytonadione (vit. K)

A

route: PO/SubQ/IV
MOA: active vit. K
indication: reversal for warfarin

avoid IV if possible

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4
Q

calcitriol

A

routes: PO/IV/topical
indication: hypocalcemia in ESRD on hemodialysis, vit. D deficiency, hypoparathyroidism, psoriasis
MOA: incr absorption of Ca2+, incr reabsorption of Ca2+, incr osteoclasts
side effects: dizziness, vertigo, falls, metallic taste

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5
Q

ascorbic acid

A

indication: scurvy, alcohol abuse
adverse effects: decreases the effect of AC (renal calculi, crystalluria, hyperuricemia)
contraindications: DM, breastfeeding, renal calculi, anemia

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6
Q

folic acid

A

indication: B9 deficiency, macrocytic anemia, malabsorption syndrome, ETOH related prevention of NTD
Contraindication: concurrent use with methotrexate or sulfonamides

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7
Q

cyanocobalamin

A

route: PO/SubQ/IM/IV/intranasal
indication: B12 deficiency, macrocytic anemia, malabsorption syndrome
side-effects: hypokalemia

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8
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

multivitamin (MVI)

  • Includes: A, E, D, K, C, B2, B3, B5, B6, Ca2+, Mg2+
  • contraindication: CKD due to having minerals

Banana bag
- indication: ETOH abuse to prevent CNS damage

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9
Q

Iron

A

ferrous sulfate: PO
iron sucrose: IV/IM
indication: temporary use for iron deficiency anemia, growth, pregnancy, blood loss, CKD/ESRD
PO side effects: constipation, black stool, stained teeth

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10
Q

Hyperkalemia drugs

A

sodium polystyrene sulfonate

  • Route: PO/PR
  • indication: hyperkalemia
  • MOA: potassium binder

Insulin and D50

  • Route: IV push
  • indication: hyperkalemia
  • MOA: K+ shifts into the cell

Sodium bicarbonate

  • Route: IV gtt
  • indication: hyperkalemia
  • MOA: K+ shifts into the cell
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11
Q

Hypokalemia drugs

A

potassium chloride and potassium phosphate

- Route: PO/IV

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12
Q

hypomagnesemia drugs

A

magnesium oxide
- route: PO
- indication: magnesium hydroxide (antacid), magnesium citrate (laxative)
side effect: diarrhea

magnesium sulfate

  • route: IV/IM
  • indication: dysrhythmia, preterm labor, preeclampsia/emclampsia, convulsions
  • side effects: dysrhythmia, respiratory depression, depressed DTR

banana bag

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13
Q

Hypocalcemia drugs

A

calcium citrate and calcium carbonate

  • route: PO
  • indications: supplement pregnancy/lacation, peds, postmenopausal; acute hypocalcemia tetany, GERD, PUD
  • side effects: constipation, renal calculi, milk-alkali syndrome, hypercalcemia

calcium chloride (emergency)
- route: IV
- indication: hypocalcemia, emergency treatment of K+ and Mg+, Cardiac arrest
side effects: constipation, renal calculi, milk-alkali syndrome, hypercalcemia

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14
Q

Bisphosphonates (osteoporosis)

A

alendronate and ibandronate
- route: PO and PO/IV
- indication: postmenopausal osteoporosis, ost. in men, corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis
MOA: inhibits resorption of bone
side effects: low Ca2+, esophageal irritation (remain upright for 30min post dose), photosensitivity

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15
Q

Hyperphosphatemia

A

calcium acetate
- indication: all RF patients (unable to remove phos)
MOA: phos binders
- take only with food and all meals/snacks

sevelamer

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16
Q

lactobacillus acidophilus

A
  • indication: prophylactic treatment for superinfection
  • MOA: probiotic to replace normal GI flora
  • contraindication: lactose intolerance
17
Q

nystatin

A
  • indication: treatment for thrush

- route: swish and swallow, topical, intravaginal

18
Q

metronidazole

A
  • indication: treatment for c.difficile superinfection, effective against protozoal infection
19
Q

Cillins

A

ampicillin
- route: PO, IM, IV

amoxicillin
- route: PO

methicillin (dont use cause neprotoxicity)

20
Q

bupropion

A
  • indication: short-term withdrawal

- avoid in other CNS stimulants and patients with seizures

21
Q

varenicline

A
  • indication: short-term maintenance, prevents relapse
  • MOA: stimulates pleasure effect of nicotine, blocks desire
  • side effects: HTN, hyperglycemia
  • adverse effects: N/V, depression suicidal ideation
22
Q

Nicotine

A
  • indication: short-term withdrawal
23
Q

chlordiazepoxide

A
  • MOA: CNS suppressant
24
Q

disulfiram

A
  • MOA: (drinking) face flushing, N/V, tachycardia, hypotension, weakness, cardiorespiratory collapse, seizure, and death
25
Q

Van Drugs

A

vancomycin, telavancin, oritavancin

  • contraindications: VRE, VRSA, pregnancy and lactation
  • adverse effects: Redman-syndrome, Steven Johnson syndrome
26
Q

Cyclines

A

tetracyclines, doxycycline, minocycline

- route: PO/topical/IM/IV

27
Q

azithromycin

A

route: IV/PO

also used as an antifungal

28
Q

floxacin

A
  • MOA: bacteriocidal, broad spectrum, PO bioavailability similar to IV
  • indications: severe infections
  • adverse reactions: high risk of achilles pain/tendinitis/tendon rupture
  • contraindication: pregnancy/lactation, peds<18mo
29
Q

nidazole (not antifungal)

A

metronidazole route: PO/IV/topical

  • side effects: darkening of urine, poor taste
  • adverse reaction: neurotoxicity, disulfiram-like reaction, pregnancy and lactation
30
Q

amphotericin B

A
  • route: IV, only for severe infections
31
Q

fluconazole and micronazole

A
  • route: IV, PO, intravaginal
32
Q

antiviral drugs

A

amantadine, rimantadine

  • indication: flu A mostly parkinsons
  • side effect: nausea

oseltamivir PO, zanamivir

  • indication: flu A and B
  • side effects: GI symptoms, self injury, delirium, renal failure
33
Q

herpes (antiviral)

A

acyclovir, valacyclovir

  • route: PO/IV/topical
  • MOA: interrupts viral DNA synthesis (only treats active)
  • side effects: malaise, N/V/D, phlebitis, gingival hyperplasia, nephropathy, hepatotoxicity, CNS
34
Q

Hepatitis B&C (antiviral)

A

HBV vaccine: lamivudine

  • indication: hepatitis B
  • monitor liver function, discontinuation may cause return acute hep

HCV no vaccine: requires genotyping
sofosbuvir ($84,000 for 1`2 weeks)

35
Q

remdesivir

A
  • indication: treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients
36
Q

anthelminths

A

medendazole, ivermectin

- side effects: GI upset, dizziness, drowsines, HA, weakness

37
Q

urinary analgesic

A

phenazopyridine

  • route: PO
  • MOA: local anesthetic of bladder, relieves pain, burning, frequenc/urgency
  • side effects/adverse reactions: red-orange urine, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, hemolysis
38
Q

urinary stimulants

A

bethanechol
- group: cholinergic
- indication: hypotonic bladder, urinary retention, neurogenic bladder
- MOA: increase tone of detrusor
- contraindication: peptic ulcer
- side effect/adverse reaction: GI distress, dizziness, fainting (lower HR and BP)
take on an empty stomach

39
Q

urinary antispasmodics

A

oxybutynin

  • indication: overactive bladder, urgency, frequency, neurogenic bladder
  • MOA: anticholinergic, relaxation of detrusor
  • side effects: anticholindergic effects, dry mouth, tachycardia, dizziness, fainting, blurred vision (mydriasis), constipation
  • contraindication: glaucoma, prostate problem

Nursing S1 (26 decks)

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